The original forced conversion of pagan Livonia, what is now the Baltic states of Latvia and Estonia, was carried about by a military order known as the Brethren of the Sword. In 1236 this order was incorporated into the Teutonic Knights following a catastrophic military defeat. The knights had always consolidated their conquests through networks of castles and fortified places, and the Livonian Chapter of the Teutonic Order built castles of stone. This title covers the developmental and operational history of these fortresses over the length of the Middle Ages. It details how the Baltic fortifications of the Teutonic Knights evolved to reflect the changing nature of siege warfare and the increasing dominance of gunpowder in warfare.
- ISBN10 1299584160
- ISBN13 9781299584167
- Publish Date 1 January 2011 (first published 28 May 2004)
- Publish Status Active
- Out of Print 1 April 2015
- Publish Country US
- Imprint Osprey Publishing (UK)
- Format eBook
- Language English