Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning two continents and 11 time zones and bordering three oceans, with a population of more than 143 million people. This book considers the dramatic changes in Russia's political system, from monarchy through communism to democracy. It looks at how the present government is structured and at the role of the president, the most powerful person in the country, and asks what the key challenges are for Russia today, both nationally and internationally.

Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East, of great strategic importance as a bridge between Europe, Africa and Asia. Its influence also hinges on two other key factors: its wealth and its religion. This book considers the history of Saudi Arabia and its rulers and discusses what makes the country unique. It looks at how the present government is structured and at the role of the royal family, and asks what the key challenges are for Saudi Arabia today, both nationally and internationally.