This book provides a coherent analysis of viable cell immobilization, an emerging technology spanning a number of disciplines. Using detailed examples drawn from a variety of commerically-relevant large-scale fermentation reactions, the book covers both the practical and theoretical aspects of this technology. The authors discuss progress in the design of immobilized cell reactors, emphasizing mixing, fluidization characteristics and carrier stability. Mathematical models and results from computer simulations describe the dynamic behavior of viable cells and their intra-particle distribution, including micro-colony formation. As an aid to the reader, the authors have included examples drawn from their own practical research into biomass support particle (BSP) technology.