Adapted from the fifth edition of Gregory and Stuart's "Soviet and Post-Soviet Economic Structure and Performance", this text looks at the operation of the new Russian economy. It focuses on the radical changes which the former Soviet Union has recently experienced: its reorganization and its transition from plan to market. Its main focus, however, is on Russia and the CIS states: their immediate Soviet past, the meaning of that past experience for current problems and policies, and contemporary working arrangements and outcomes. This text is suitable for new undergraduate students in economics and comparative systems.