This text focuses on new developments in pressure group theory. It outlines the concepts of policy networks and state autonomy and evaluates the contribution they make to understanding group/government interaction. These theories are used to examine a number of policy areas - business, health, agriculture, the environment, consumer policy - in both Britain and the United States. The empirical cases demonstrate the role of theory in understanding policy-making and highlight how a single theory cannot adequately explain all policy outcomes. Topics covered include - traditional approaches to state-group relations (pluralism, corporatism, Marxism); new approaches to state-group relations (policy networks, state autonomy); how policy networks change; case studies of business, agriculture, health, consumer policy and environmental policy; the relationship between pressure groups, policy communities and the state.