River Publishers Series in Signal, Image and Speech Processing
3 total works
Video is the main driver of bandwidth use, accounting for over 80 per cent of consumer Internet traffic. Video compression is a critical component of many of the available multimedia applications, it is necessary for storage or transmission of digital video over today's band-limited networks. The majority of this video is coded using international standards developed in collaboration with ITU-T Study Group and MPEG.
The MPEG family of video coding standards begun on the early 1990s with MPEG-1, developed for video and audio storage on CD-ROMs, with support for progressive video. MPEG-2 was standardized in 1995 for applications of video on DVD, standard and high definition television, with support for interlaced and progressive video. MPEG-4 part 2, also known as MPEG-2 video, was standardized in 1999 for applications of low- bit rate multimedia on mobile platforms and the Internet, with the support of object-based or content based coding by modeling the scene as background and foreground. Since MPEG-1, the main video coding standards were based on the so-called macroblocks. However, research groups continued the work beyond the traditional video coding architectures and found that macroblocks could limit the performance of the compression when using high-resolution video. Therefore, in 2013 the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) also known and H.265, was released, with a structure similar to H.264/AVC but using coding units with more flexible partitions than the traditional macroblocks. HEVC has greater flexibility in prediction modes and transform block sizes, also it has a more sophisticated interpolation and de blocking filters.
In 2006 the VC-1 was released. VC-1 is a video codec implemented by Microsoft and the Microsoft Windows Media Video (VMW) 9 and standardized by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). In 2017 the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) released a call for proposals for a new video coding standard initially called Beyond the HEVC, Future Video Coding (FVC) or known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). VVC is being built on top of HEVC for application on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360 Degrees Video. The VVC is planned to be finalized by 2020.
This book presents the new VVC, and updates on the HEVC. The book discusses the advances in lossless coding and covers the topic of screen content coding. Technical topics discussed include:
- Beyond the High Efficiency Video Coding
- High Efficiency Video Coding encoder
- Screen content
- Lossless and visually lossless coding algorithms
- Fast coding algorithms
- Visual quality assessment
- Other screen content coding algorithms
- Overview of JPEG Series
The MPEG family of video coding standards begun on the early 1990s with MPEG-1, developed for video and audio storage on CD-ROMs, with support for progressive video. MPEG-2 was standardized in 1995 for applications of video on DVD, standard and high definition television, with support for interlaced and progressive video. MPEG-4 part 2, also known as MPEG-2 video, was standardized in 1999 for applications of low- bit rate multimedia on mobile platforms and the Internet, with the support of object-based or content based coding by modeling the scene as background and foreground. Since MPEG-1, the main video coding standards were based on the so-called macroblocks. However, research groups continued the work beyond the traditional video coding architectures and found that macroblocks could limit the performance of the compression when using high-resolution video. Therefore, in 2013 the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) also known and H.265, was released, with a structure similar to H.264/AVC but using coding units with more flexible partitions than the traditional macroblocks. HEVC has greater flexibility in prediction modes and transform block sizes, also it has a more sophisticated interpolation and de blocking filters.
In 2006 the VC-1 was released. VC-1 is a video codec implemented by Microsoft and the Microsoft Windows Media Video (VMW) 9 and standardized by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). In 2017 the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) released a call for proposals for a new video coding standard initially called Beyond the HEVC, Future Video Coding (FVC) or known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). VVC is being built on top of HEVC for application on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360 Degrees Video. The VVC is planned to be finalized by 2020.
This book presents the new VVC, and updates on the HEVC. The book discusses the advances in lossless coding and covers the topic of screen content coding. Technical topics discussed include:
- Beyond the High Efficiency Video Coding
- High Efficiency Video Coding encoder
- Screen content
- Lossless and visually lossless coding algorithms
- Fast coding algorithms
- Visual quality assessment
- Other screen content coding algorithms
- Overview of JPEG Series
JPEG Series
by Professor K.R. Rao, Humberto Ochoa-Dominguez, and Shreyanka Subbarayappa
Published 30 April 2021
While the JPEG image standard was developed more than 25 years ago, it is still dominant in terms of image formation, manipulation and transmission over the internet and other media. As technology advances, new demands have arisen for the efficient transmission and storage of images causing other formats to emerge. Over the years, several extensions such as, JPEGLS, JPEG2K, JPEGXT, JPEGXR, JPEGXS and JPEG Pleno, have been added, constructing a series of standards for the compression and transmission of images. This book is the first to bring together most of the series of JPEG standards in a book.
This book covers the descriptions of the JPEG standards and gives the reader an overview of the latest advances in the standards of the Joint Photographic Experts Group.
Topics discussed include: • JEPG;• JPEG XR;• JPEG XT;• JPEG 2000;• JPEG XS;• JPEG Pleno;• JPEG AIC;• JPEG LS;• JPEG XL;• JPSearch;• JPEG Systems;• JBIG
Digital Video Coding for Next Generation Multimedia
by Shreyanka Subbarayappa, K. R Rao, and Humberto Ochoa-Dominguez
Published 30 April 2022
Innovations in communication systems and technology are growing tremendously. In multimedia communication systems, technology has transformed from analog television to digital television in the video domain. Mobile phones are known as smart phones as they are used, not only to make voice calls, but also used to send emails, video calls, transfer data, GPS, taking pictures and so on. Due to the widespread user applications, compression of data becomes important to save system resources. Video occupies 75% of data transfer traffic and is expected to cover 80% by the end of 2021. Video is also continuously increasing in file size from standard definition (SD) to ultra-high definition (UHD - 4K, 8K and 12K) video. More data or size in video requires higher transmission bandwidth or more disk space to store which can be slow and expensive. This drives the improvements in compression and hence the demand for a new codec. Several algorithms are used to achieve compression of Image or Video files, these algorithms working together are classified in terms of codecs and we use different codecs for different applications.
Advances in video compression technology reduce the utilization of system resources, like processing time, memory use, network bandwidth and battery life. This is possible by reducing the complexity of the video codecs without compromising on the output video quality. There are two distinct lines in the future video coding technology development work. Essential Video Coding (EVC) driven by MPEG team and Versatile Video Codec (VVC) driven by Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). These codecs are the extended versions with advances in compression technologies when compared to the prior video codecs or reference codecs like H.264 and HEVC.
This book is devoted to the theory and design of different algorithms used in the video codecs to obtain efficient implementation and reconstruction of codec outputs. It also addresses the most recent codecs being developed, i.e., VVC and EVC along with the reference codecs, i.e., H.264 and HEVC. It also summarises the study results achieved by the international research community across four decades for different codecs and provides a comparison of their outputs. The book also emphasises the various algorithmic developments in the encoder and decoder blocks of the respective video codecs: motion estimation, motion vectors, motion compensation, block representation, transform domain, quantization, entropy coding methods for each codec. This book also touches on the practical aspects of different codecs along with projects at the end of each chapter which act as a good reference for the implementation of the codec software.
Advances in video compression technology reduce the utilization of system resources, like processing time, memory use, network bandwidth and battery life. This is possible by reducing the complexity of the video codecs without compromising on the output video quality. There are two distinct lines in the future video coding technology development work. Essential Video Coding (EVC) driven by MPEG team and Versatile Video Codec (VVC) driven by Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). These codecs are the extended versions with advances in compression technologies when compared to the prior video codecs or reference codecs like H.264 and HEVC.
This book is devoted to the theory and design of different algorithms used in the video codecs to obtain efficient implementation and reconstruction of codec outputs. It also addresses the most recent codecs being developed, i.e., VVC and EVC along with the reference codecs, i.e., H.264 and HEVC. It also summarises the study results achieved by the international research community across four decades for different codecs and provides a comparison of their outputs. The book also emphasises the various algorithmic developments in the encoder and decoder blocks of the respective video codecs: motion estimation, motion vectors, motion compensation, block representation, transform domain, quantization, entropy coding methods for each codec. This book also touches on the practical aspects of different codecs along with projects at the end of each chapter which act as a good reference for the implementation of the codec software.