Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
5 primary works • 11 total works
Book 27
Fantasies and dreams have their rightful place in science, and sometimes they turn into reality. Regeneration of hybrid plants through protoplast fusion is one such dream come true. In the early 1970s I shared the pioneering excitement in the field of protoplast technology at the Second International Congress of Plant Tissue Culture held in Strasbourg, France. Subsequently, I participated in three international conferences devoted to plant protoplasts, in Salamanca, Spain (1972), Versailles, France (1972), and Nottingham, England (1975). At Versailles Dr. P.S. Carlson presented his work on the successful regeneration of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana glauca and Nicotiana langsdorfii. The enthusi- asm shown by the participants was sufficient indication of the bright future of somatic hybridization. On my return from Versailles, I gathered my thoughts and prepared a concept paper on Potentials of Protoplast Culture Work in Agriculture which was published in Euphytica (Bajaj 1974). The studies on protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization then gained momentum and active work started in many laboratories. Very significant work was done by Melchers et al.
(1978) who obtained a somatic hybrid between potato and tomato, calling it "Pomato".
(1978) who obtained a somatic hybrid between potato and tomato, calling it "Pomato".
Book 28
Book 32
The germ plasm of numerous plant species, especially those of forest trees, some agricultural crops, and medicinal plants, is endangered and threatened with extinction. This depletion of germplasm pools and the shrinkage of naturally occurring genetic resources have caused international concern. Conventionally, the germplasm of plants is conserved through seeds, tubers, roots, corms, rhizomes, bulbs, cuttings, etc. However, the germ plasm of a number of trees and plantation crops (such as coconut, cocao, coffee, oil palm, rubber, mango, horse chestnut, etc. ) cannot be preserved since their seed are short-lived (recalcitrant). Likewise, germplasm of vegetatively propagated crops (such as potato and cassava) cannot be stored on a long term basis and has to be grown and multiplied periodically in nurseries and fields. The plants are thus exposed to unpredictable weather conditions and diseases, with the result that instances are known where entire genetic stocks are lost. Therefore, unconventional methods are being developed for the storage and international exchange of germplasm. For this purpose in vitro cultures have been employed, but they can only enable short-to medium term preservation; moreover, cell cultures upon repeated subculture undergo genetic erosion. In view of the recent developments in the in vitro induction of genetic variability through somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, recombinant DNA technology, etc. , new methods need to be employed for the storage of desirable cultures. In this regard freeze preservation of cells in liquid nitrogen (-196 0q, like that of semen, enables long-term storage, theoretically, for an indefinite period of time.
Book 35
This book Trees IV, like the previous volumes (Trees I, II, III published in 1986, 1989, 1991, respectively), is special in its approach. It elucidates the case history and biotechnology of individual fruit, forest, and ornamental trees, and discusses the present state of the art, with particular reference to in vitro propagation. It comprises 24 chapters contributed by international experts, and deals with the importance, distribution, conventional propa- gation, micropropagation, review of tissue culture studies, and recent advances in the in vitro culture and genetic manipulation of various species of Acrocomia, Ailanthus, Anacardium, Allocasuarina, Carya, Casuarina, Coffea, Cyphomandra, Feijoa, Fraxinus, Gymnocladus, Leptospermum, Fagus, Metroxylon, Oxydendrum, Paeonia, Paulownia, Pouteria, Psidium, and Quercus. Included are also five chapters on gymnosperm trees, such as Abies jraseri, Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Pinus durangensis, P. gregg ii, P. halepensis, P. pinea, and Tetraclinis articulata.
Trees IV is a valuable reference book for scientists, teachers, and students of forestry, botany, genetics, and horticulture, and all those who are interested in the biotechnology of trees. New Delhi, March 1996 Professor y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents Section I Angiosperm Trees 1. 1 Acrocomia Species (Macauba Palm) O. l. CROCOMO and M. MELO (With 8 Figures) 1 General Account ...3 2 Chemical Composition ...5 3 Genetics and Crop Improvement 9 4 In Vitro Culture Studies 10 5 Industrial Utilization ...14 6 Lauric Acid ...15 7 Summary and Conclusions 15 References ...16 1. 2 Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle (Tree of Heaven) M. ZENKTELER and B.
Trees IV is a valuable reference book for scientists, teachers, and students of forestry, botany, genetics, and horticulture, and all those who are interested in the biotechnology of trees. New Delhi, March 1996 Professor y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents Section I Angiosperm Trees 1. 1 Acrocomia Species (Macauba Palm) O. l. CROCOMO and M. MELO (With 8 Figures) 1 General Account ...3 2 Chemical Composition ...5 3 Genetics and Crop Improvement 9 4 In Vitro Culture Studies 10 5 Industrial Utilization ...14 6 Lauric Acid ...15 7 Summary and Conclusions 15 References ...16 1. 2 Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle (Tree of Heaven) M. ZENKTELER and B.
Book 38
Plant protoplasts have proved to be an excellent tool for in vitro manipulation, somatic hybridization, DNA uptake and genetic trans- formation, and for the induction of somac1onal variation. These studies reflect the far-reaching impact of protoplast research in agriculture and forest biotechnology. Taking these aspects into consideration, the series of books on Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering provides a survey of the literature, focusing on recent information and the state of the art in protoplast manipulation and genetic transformation. This book, Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VII, like the previous six volumes published in 1989, 1993, 1994, and 1995, is unique in its approach. It comprises 27 chapters dealing with the regeneration of plants from protoplasts, and genetic transformation in various species of Agrostis, Allium, Anthriscus, Asparagus, Avena, Boehmeria, Carthamus, Coffea, Funaria, Geranium, Ginkgo, Gladiolus, Helianthus, Hordeum, Lilium, Lithospermum, Mentha, Panax, Papaver, Passiflora, Petunia, Physcomi- trella, Pinus, Poa, Populus, Rubus, Saintpaulia, and Swertia.
This book may be of special interest to advanced students, teachers, and research scientists in the field of plant tissue culture, molecular biology, genetic engineering, plant breeding, and general biotechnology. New Delhi, June 1996 Professor y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents Section I Regeneration of Plants from Protoplasts 1. 1 Regeneration of Plantlets from Protoplasts of Allium cepa (Onion) E. E. HANSEN, J. F. HUBSTENBERGER, and G. C. PHILLIPS (With 3 Figures) 1 Introduction ...3 2 Protoplast Isolation ...4 3 Protoplast Culture ...8 4 Regeneration of Plantlets ...9 5 Summary...
This book may be of special interest to advanced students, teachers, and research scientists in the field of plant tissue culture, molecular biology, genetic engineering, plant breeding, and general biotechnology. New Delhi, June 1996 Professor y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents Section I Regeneration of Plants from Protoplasts 1. 1 Regeneration of Plantlets from Protoplasts of Allium cepa (Onion) E. E. HANSEN, J. F. HUBSTENBERGER, and G. C. PHILLIPS (With 3 Figures) 1 Introduction ...3 2 Protoplast Isolation ...4 3 Protoplast Culture ...8 4 Regeneration of Plantlets ...9 5 Summary...
