This book traces across the millennium of the Middle Ages the gradual crystallisation of a new and distinctive European identity. Koenigsberger covers the Islamic, Byzantine and central Asian worlds in his account which explains Europe's progression from chaos and collapse to the point where it was set to rule much of the world.

This book opens at the climax of the Renaissance and the dawning of a new age. Challenges to the old social order - especially the Reformation - and the growing power of the individual states opened the way for sustained expansion, but also led to splits across Europe and incessant war. These powerful and vast themes are the subject of this impressive survey.