Despite feedback‘s demonstratively positive effects on student performance, research on the specific components of successful feedback practice is in short supply. In Using Feedback to Improve Learning, Ruiz-Primo and Brookhart offer critical characteristics of feedback strategies to affirm classroom feedback’s positive effect on student learning. The book provides pre- and in-service teachers as well as educational researchers with empirically supported techniques for using feedback as a part of formative assessment in the classroom.


Establishing a Classroom Context for Effective Formative Assessment provides pre-service and in-service teachers with practical strategies for creating learning environments that are conducive to the implementation of formative assessment. The book focuses on the rules, norms, routines, and cultural activities that comprise classroom context; the strategies used to introduce, use, and practice them; and their importance to assessment procedures that improve teaching and student achievement. Lessons learned from fourteen middle school teachers illustrate how tranquil, appropriate social climates can help students concentrate, succeed, and focus on the substantive meaning of academic work.