Medicines have adverse effects, but sometimes these are only identified when the product is already in use. Pharmacovigiliance, i.e. the monitoring of the safety of medicines and taking action to reduce risk and increase benefit, is therefore of tremendous importance. In the project "Assessment of the European Community System of Pharmacovigilance", which was funded by the European Commission, it was empirically studied how well the national medicines agencies, the European Medicines Agency and marketing authorisation holders collaborate to improve the safety of medicines. The book presents the methods and results of the study. Recommendations are made for the further development of the system.

Systems biology is a new approach in life sciences, aiming at understanding life phenomena by integrating information from several sources - molecular biology, engineering sciences, mathematics, information technology - in a systematic way. This publication presents results of a project funded by the European Commission - EUSYSBIO - which among others elaborated an overview of ongoing international activities in systems biology. Part 1 presents the results of an international benchmarking and foresight of systems biology. In part 2 systems biology activites in Central and Eastern European countries and China are analysed.