Papers of Woodrow Wilson
66 total works
Beginning at January 1, 1915, and ending at April 16, 1915, Volume 32 covers the busiest and in many respects most crucial months of Wilson's presidency to this point. Assembled here for the first time are all the significant documents relating to Wilson's first response to the German submarine campaign; his response to the Allied declaration of total blockade of the Central Powers; the continuing crisis in Mexico caused by the war between the Villistas and Carrancistas; Colonel House's first peace mission; the attempt by Wilson, Bryan, and Lansing to work out a policy regarding submarine warfare following the first incident involving the death of an American citizen; and the crisis occasioned by Japan's Twenty-One Demands upon China. In addition, the volume includes all of Wilson's important press conferences and personal and political correspondence.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's. Volume 26 contains the Contents and Index of Volumes 14-25, 1902-1912.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
The opening of this volume finds Wilson with neither the physical strength nor any strong desire to become heavily involved in the coming presidential contest between Cox and Harding. Nevertheless, he cannot remain silent on the single great issue of the campaign--American membership in the League of Nations. Not many people heed Wilson's appeals, however, and on November 2, the voters seemingly repudiate Wilson and all he stands for in a landslide majority for Harding and Coolidge. Meanwhile, Wilson gratefully accepts the decisions of his advisers on domestic affairs, and he generally follows the lead of Bainbridge Colby and Norman Davis on foreign policy, allowing them to draft the necessary correspondence with other governments. However, he maintains daily oversight over the State Department, and makes fundamental policy about the U.S. relationship to the new Soviet regime, Japanese control over the island of Yap, and various issues in Latin American affairs. As the volume ends, Wilson is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1919. With his retirement nearing, the pall of the election results still lies heavily on his circle.
Nevertheless, the apotheosis of Woodrow Wilson has already begun, as personal friends and publicists begin to take stock of the Wilson presidency and legacy.
Nevertheless, the apotheosis of Woodrow Wilson has already begun, as personal friends and publicists begin to take stock of the Wilson presidency and legacy.
The fifth volume of The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, covering the period July 1885 through August 1888, records dramatic turning points in Woodrow Wilson's life, thought, and professional development. This volume chronicles the beginning of life together for Woodrow and Ellen Wilson. Fortunately for later generations, they were separated for extended periods between 1885 and 1888, and their letters in this volume, printed in their entirety, record in detail their growing mutual love, daily lives, the birth of their first two daughters, and the wider nexus of relationships that built the world in which they lived and moved. These letters are also rich in the social history of the late Victorian era. Volume 5 is replete with documentary evidence of what can only be called fantastic mutations and new directions in Wilson's intellectual development. The young scholar, not yet thirty years old, begins the studies of administration that would make him the pioneer in this field in the United States. He writes the first draft of what promises to be a monumental study of the development of democracy in the modern world.
He sets hard to work on the book that would be published as The State, in 1889. Self-taught in German, he begins to discover the new world of German scholarship in political science and legal studies. Finally, new light is shed on Bryn Mawr College during the first three years of its history and particularly on the beginning of Wilson's career as a teacher. The documents in this fifth volume, most of them published here for the first time, are richly annotated and include Editorial Notes that help the scholar find his way through the maze of documentation of this period.
He sets hard to work on the book that would be published as The State, in 1889. Self-taught in German, he begins to discover the new world of German scholarship in political science and legal studies. Finally, new light is shed on Bryn Mawr College during the first three years of its history and particularly on the beginning of Wilson's career as a teacher. The documents in this fifth volume, most of them published here for the first time, are richly annotated and include Editorial Notes that help the scholar find his way through the maze of documentation of this period.
As this volume begins, controversy over ratification of the Versailles Treaty enters its climactic stage. Wilson, only partly recovered from a stroke, refuses the advice of supporters who beg him to accept Republican reservations in order to put the Treaty through the Senate, and he puts heavy pressure on those Democratic senators who want to consent to reservations. Twenty-one Democrats defy him when the Treaty comes up for a second and final vote on March 19, but their votes, combined with those of Republican reservationists, fall far short of the two-thirds Senate majority necessary for passage of the consent resolution. While Tumulty and the departmental heads carry on the domestic business of the federal government, Wilson follows their recommendations and signs a series of measures that bring various aspects of the progressive movement to fruition: the Transportation Act of 1920, the General Leasing Act, and the Water Power Act. Meanwhile, he devotes most of his strength to foreign affairs. He vetoes the "separate peace" embodied in the Knox Resolution, and the Democrats uphold the veto.
In spite of Wilson's wish to run again for president, concern for his health prevails, and the Democrats nominate Governor James M. Cox of Ohio, who names Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, as his running mate. Wilson is deeply depressed, but he blesses the Cox and Roosevelt campaign with all the fervor he can summon.
In spite of Wilson's wish to run again for president, concern for his health prevails, and the Democrats nominate Governor James M. Cox of Ohio, who names Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, as his running mate. Wilson is deeply depressed, but he blesses the Cox and Roosevelt campaign with all the fervor he can summon.
The period between September 6 and December 31, 1914, was a time when President Wilson, having recovered from the shock of the outbreak of the war in Europe and his wife's death, set about to lay the foundations of American neutrality. Volume 31 contains documents that fully illustrate that effort, particularly Wilson's unsuccessful attempt to persuade the British government to adopt the Declaration of London as the code governing maritime warfare. The documents also reveal Wilson's key role in drafting the note of December 26 to London protesting British blockade practices. Many other aspects of Wilson's activities during these months come to light: his first ill-fated efforts at mediation, the formulation of policies concerning private loans to the belligerents and the export of contraband, and the much disputed question of the transfer of German-owned ships to American registry. The Mexican question continues as a constant concern, particularly when the revolutionary forces divide and civil war breaks out. The documents illustrate in a definitive way the Presidents absolute determination to avoid interference in Mexican affairs.
Although previous Presidents had maintained contact with reporters, Woodrow Wilson was the first to conduct regular press conferences. This volume contains the transcripts of all of these sessions, which reveal the range of Wilson's day-to-day concerns and his stance in what might be termed intellectual combat. The bulk of the material comes from approximately the first two and a half years of his presidency. We see Wilson jousting and sparring with reporters, scolding them, joking with them, "grazing the truth" in order not to disclose secrets of state, and, more often, engaging in frank and open dialogue. Wilson began a new era in presidential press relations on March 15, 1913, when his Secretary, Joseph P. Tumulty, ushered some 100 correspondents into the President's office. The idea for regular meetings had been Tumulty's, rather than Wilson's, but the President quickly grasped their potential for positive public relations and persisted in them through initial problems in their regulation. Robert C. Hilderbrand includes annotations that clarify the transcripts and add to our knowledge of the Wilson presidency.
This volume finds the United States in the first stage of full mobilization and Wilson beset by problems. On August 27, 1918, he replies warmly to the Pope's August 1 peace initiative. He sets prices for essential raw materials, intervenes to settle labor disputes, and tries to prevent suppression of civil liberties by federal agents. Relations with the Allies are his major diplomatic concern. In response to an appeal from David Lloyd George, he relaxes his opposition to close cooperation and sends Colonel House and others to London to facilitate common action. Through Secretary of State Lansing, he opens negotiations with Viscount Kikujiro Ishii to attempt an understanding with Japan about the Far East. The volume ends as the combined German and Austro-Hangarian armies rout the Italian army at Caporetto and threaten to knock Italy out of the war. The Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd, and Russia's withdrawel from the war seems inevitable.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
The Papers of Woodrow Wilson is the first comprehensive edition of the documentary record of the life and thought of the twenty-eighth President of the United States and the first full scale edition of the papers of any modern American president. This volume finds Wilson beginning the second year of his presidency of Princeton University, moving boldly to institute several significant reforms. First he wrests the power of appointment of faculty members from the Curriculum Committee of the Board of Trustees and vests it in his own and the faculty's hands. Second he organizes the teaching staff into well-defined departments, thereby ending a long-standing administrative anarchy. Next Wilson undertakes a thoroughgoing revision of the undergraduate course of study. It was one of the notable curricular reforms in the history of higher education in the United States and a milestone in the development of Princeton University. Throughout, Wilson is acting in accord with an educational philosophy formerly inchoate and now coming to first maturity in his mind. A notable feature of this volume is the variety of the documents that it contains.
There are sermons, addresses on educational theory and method, and annual reports to the Board of Trustees. The diary that Wilson kept from January 1 through February 13, 1904, is printed herein for the first time, as are materials relating to the most controversial and difficult act of his early Princeton presidency-his dismissal of Arnold Guyot Cameron as Woodhull Professor of French. Mrs. Wilson made a highly eventual two-month tour of Italy in the Spring of 1904. Her letters to her husband detail a vivid view of the Italy of that day, while Wilson's letters to her reveal much about his personal life and ongoing affairs of the university. Of particular interest also are the numerous "begging" letters that he wrote in a successful effort to meet a serious deficit in the university's budget and others that reveal his leading role in the architectural development of Princeton.
There are sermons, addresses on educational theory and method, and annual reports to the Board of Trustees. The diary that Wilson kept from January 1 through February 13, 1904, is printed herein for the first time, as are materials relating to the most controversial and difficult act of his early Princeton presidency-his dismissal of Arnold Guyot Cameron as Woodhull Professor of French. Mrs. Wilson made a highly eventual two-month tour of Italy in the Spring of 1904. Her letters to her husband detail a vivid view of the Italy of that day, while Wilson's letters to her reveal much about his personal life and ongoing affairs of the university. Of particular interest also are the numerous "begging" letters that he wrote in a successful effort to meet a serious deficit in the university's budget and others that reveal his leading role in the architectural development of Princeton.
This massive collection includes all important letters, speeches, interviews, press conferences, and public papers on Woodrow Wilson. The volumes make available as never before the materials essential to understanding Wilson's personality, his intellectual, religious, and political development, and his careers as educator, writer, orator, and statesman. The Papers not only reveal the private and public man, but also the era in which he lived, making the series additionally valuable to scholars in various fields of history between the 1870's and the 1920's.
The opening of this volume finds President Wilson still embroiled in the struggle for tariff reform. But his insistence on free wool and free sugar prevails, and the senate passes the Underwood bill on October 2. Wilson then turns his attention to the Federal Reserve bill. His address to Congress on currency and banking reform provokes strong opposition from bankers and agrarian spokesmen. Although Wilson steers the bill through the House of Representatives, he confronts attempts from insurgent Democrats and Republicans on the Banking Committee to block the bill in the Senate. Again, he prevails by patient but unrelenting pressure on the Senate. Meanwhile, Wilson is facing the challenge of working out a policy toward Mexico after the overthrow of its constitutional government. Most of the documents in this volume are published here for the first time. Included are the many letters between the President and his wife, compiled here in the last such extended series, as well as press conferences, private and political letters, and diplomatic reports and correspondence.
Beginning with Wilson's tour of Belgium, this volume then moves to the last days of the peace conference. A great wave of relief sweeps over council chambers in Paris when a new German government sends word that it will accept the peace treaty unconditionally: restoration of peace occurs with the signing of the treaty in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles on June 28. That same night Wilson boards his train for Brest to return to the United States on the George Washington. The voyage provides a period of leisure for Wilson, but there are signs that his strength has been strained beyond endurance. On board ship he tries and fails to compose one of the most important speeches of his life--an address to the Senate to accompany his presentation of the treaty to that body. On his return he manages to complete it only hours before delivering it on July 10. And he responds equivocally to the challenge--the greatest in his career as a legislative leader--to create a solid pro-League coalition and outmaneuver his opponent, Henry Cabot Lodge, who seems bent on blocking American membership in the League of Nations.
Then, on July 19, Wilson suffers what is most likely a small stroke. It disorients and disables him, and, as this volume ends, he is still without any strategy to assure ratification of the treaty. Publication of Volume 61 ends the Peace Conference Volumes, which began with Volume 53.
Then, on July 19, Wilson suffers what is most likely a small stroke. It disorients and disables him, and, as this volume ends, he is still without any strategy to assure ratification of the treaty. Publication of Volume 61 ends the Peace Conference Volumes, which began with Volume 53.
This volume opens in January 1912 with the official beginning of the Democratic preconvention presidential campaign, and concludes in August following the Democratic nomination of Wilson for president. Documented here is Wilson's campaign for the nomination, focusing on the issues of tariff, trusts, and Wall Street control of credit, and incidentally foreshadowing his great New Freedom addresses later in 1912. Many personal and political letters are included that have never before been published, as well as the test and news reports of all Wilson's important speeches. Champ Clark seemed the likely nominee when the Democratic convention opened in Baltimore on June 25, but Wilson eventually won on the forty-sixth ballot. The end of this volume finds him preparing for the great campaign immediately ahead. The volume also gives significant attention to Wilson's continuing career as Governor of New Jersey and well illustrates the difficulties of a Democratic governor attempting to deal with a Republican legislature.