Book 23

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center of Water town, Massachusetts in cooperation with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has conducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The main purpose of these conferences has been to gather together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. This volume NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, addresses the areas of x-ray, ultrasonics and other methods of nondestructive testing. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of Joseph M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. Their help is deeply appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors Contents SESSION I X-RAY S. Heissman, Moderator H. K. Herglotz, Moderator 1. Overview of X-Ray Diffraction Methods for Nondestructive Testing * * * * * * * *** 1 L. V. Azaroff 2. Detection of Fatigue Damage by X-Rays 21 S. Taira and K. Kamachi 3. A Historical Example of Fatigue Damage * * * * * * * 55 H. K. Herglotz 4. The Application of X-Ray Topography to Materials Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 S. Weissman 5.

Book 25

Syracuse University and the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center of Watertown, Massachusetts have conducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. In ce1ebration of the 25th Anniversary of this conference, these proceedings are dedicated to the founding members of the Sagamore Conferences. They are Prof. Dr. George Sachs, Dr. James L. Martin, Colonel Benjamin S. Mesik, Dr. Reinier Beeuwkes, Mr. Norman L. Reed and Dr. J. D. Lubahn. This vo1ume, ADVANCES IN METAL PROCESSING, addresses Rapid Solidification Processing, Powder Processing and Conso1idation, We1ding and Joining, Thermal and. Mechanica1 Processing, Meta1 Removal and Process Mode1ing. The dedicated assistance of Mr. Joseph M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and He1en Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference p1anning and fina11y the pub1ication of this book is deep1y appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii CONTENTS OVERVIEW Materials Processing - A Perspective of the Field 1 M.C. Flemings and R. Mehrabian SESSION I RAPID SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING B.B.
Rath, Moderator Heat Flow Limitations in Rapid Solidification Processing * ...* ...13 R. Mehrabian, S.C. Hsu, C.G. Levi, and S. Kou Laser Processing of Materials ...45 B.H. Kear, E.M. Breinan, and E.R. Thompson Electrohydrodynamic Techniques in Metals 79 Processing ...* . .

Book 26

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR IM PROVED PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES, address the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Surfaces, Emerging Surface Modi fication Techniques, Surface Structure and Mechanical Proper ties, and Relationships between Properties and Processing for Non-metric Materials. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of JoseDh M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. The continued active interest and support of these con ferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii CONTENTS SESSION I 1. Surface Modification for Improved Properties. . . . . . .. 3 P. A. Parrish SESSION II PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACES P. Ficalora, Moderator 2. Characterization of Surfaces. 19 H. K. Herglotz 3. Reaction Kinetics 51 J. B. Hudson 4. Surfac e Treatments for Enhanced Bonding Between Inorganic Surfaces and Polymers ........ .

Book 27

Fatigue

by John J. Burke

Published 25 February 1999
The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings entitled, FATIGUE - ENVIRONMENT AND TEMPER ATURE EFFECT, address the overview of temperature and environmental effects of fatigue, room temperature environmental effects, high temperature and environmental effect - mechanisms, high tempera ture and environmental effect - mechanisms, materials and design-engineering applications. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Messrs. Joseph Bernier and Dan McNaught of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the book. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated.

Book 30

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in cooperation with the Office of Sponsored Programs of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conferences since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army, and the scientific community. This 30th Sagamore Conference, entitled Innovations in Materials Processing, has attempted to focus on the inter­ disciplinary nature of materials processing, looking at recent advancements in the development of unit processes from a range of standpoints from the understanding and control of the under­ lying mechanisms through their application as part of a manufactur­ ing sequence. In between, the classic link between processing and materials properties is firmly established. A broad range of materials are treated in this manner: metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites. The interdisciplinary nature of materials processing exists through its involvement with the basic sciences, with, process and product design, with process control, and ultimately with manufacturing engineering. Materials processing is interdisciplinary in another sense, through its application within all materials disciplines. The industrial community (and the Army as its customer) is becoming increasingly concerned with producibility/reliability/ affordability issues in advanced product development. These concerns will be adequately addressed only by employing the full range of disciplines encompassed within the field of materials processing.


The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center has con­ ducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University since 1954. The purpose of the conference has been to gather to­ gether scientists and engineers from academic institutions, in­ dustry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Army, the Department of Defense and the scientific community. This volume, Advances in Deformation Processing, addresses the areas of Analytical Advances, Workability, Processing to Optimize Properties, Advanced Applications - Materials, and Advanced Applications - Processes. The dedicated assistance of Mr. Joseph Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the Sagamore Conference Proceedings is deeply appreciated. The support of Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University in p- paring the final manuscript is acknowledged. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. A. E. Gorum, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii Contents SESSION I INTRODUCTION A. E. Gorum, Moderator Continuum Mechanics and Deformation Processing 1.