For the West, one of the most dramatic consequences of Gorbachev's leadership has been the new style in Soviety military policy and arms control conduct, resulting in the perception of a much reduced military doctrine and capabilities (nuclear and conventional), and their relation to foreign policy objectives and East-West relations. The new concepts of Soviet military doctrine, such as "reasonable sufficiency" and a "defensive" strategy, are analysed in some detail and the implications for the Soviet force posture and Western assessments of the "Soviet Threat" discussed. Finally, the paper examines Western policy options in arms control and wider aspects of security policy with particular reference to implications for British arms control and defence policy.