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This fourth volume of Light Scattering Reviews is composed of three parts. The ?rstpartisconcernedwiththeoreticalandexperimentalstudiesofsinglelightsc- tering by small nonspherical particles. Light scattering by small particles such as, for instance, droplets in the terrestrial clouds is a well understood area of physical optics. On the other hand, exact theoretical calculations of light scattering p- terns for most of nonspherical and irregularly shaped particles can be performed only for the r...

This book explores the microsensing technologies and systems now available to monitor the quality of air and water within the urban environment and examines their role in the creation of sustainable cities against the background of the challenges posed by rapid urbanization. The opening section addresses the theoretical and conceptual background of microsensing networks. The coverage includes detailed description of microsensors, supported by design-specific equations, and clear explanation of t...

This book is an attempt to bridge the gap between the instrumental principles of multi-dimensional time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and typical applications of the technique. Written by an originator of the technique and by sucessful users, it covers the basic principles of the technique, its interaction with optical imaging methods and its application to a wide range of experimental tasks in life sciences and clinical research. The book is recommended for all users of time-resolv...

Preliminary: over the next decade the gravitational physics community will benefit from dramatic improvements in many technologies critical to the tests of gravity. The highly accurate deep space navigation, interplanetary laser communication, interferometry and metrology, high precision frequency standards, precise pointing and attitude control, together with the drag-free technologies will revolutionize the field of the experimental gravitational physics. The Centennial of general theory of re...

Obwohl die Bedeutung von Standards fur die Funktionsfahigkeit einer Wirtschaft unbestritten ist, fand der Prozess der Standardisierung bisher wenig Beachtung. Die vorliegende Arbeit ruckt verschiedene Mechanismen zur Produktion von Standards in den Vordergrund. Dabei werden unterschiedliche rechtliche und organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Diese Rahmenbedingungen haben ihrerseits Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten von Unternehmen, die kooperieren oder konkurrieren konnen....

This book provides a cohesive overview of innovations, advances in processing and characterization, and applications for high entropy alloys (HEAs) in performance-critical and non-performance-critical sectors. It covers manufacturing and processing, advanced characterization and analysis techniques, and evaluation of mechanical and physical properties. With chapters authored by a team of internationally renowned experts, the volume includes discussions on high entropy thermoelectric materials, c...

This book highlights the advantages of the vector-phase method in underwater acoustic measurements and presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of the deep open ocean and shallow sea based on vector-phase representations. Based on the physical phenomena discovered and compensation of counter streams of energy and vortices of the acoustic intensity vector, processes of transmitting acoustic energy of a tonal signal in the real ocean are described. The book also discusses the devel...

This book contains the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union (BPU-6), held in Istanbul, Turkey, in August 2006. The BPU-6 Conference covers the most important results and trends in physics, including: Nuclear physics and nuclear energy, gravitation and cosmology, alternative sources of energy, econophysics, biophysics and medical physics, history of philosophy of physics, meteorology and instrumentation.

This book presents in a concise way the Mie theory and its current applications. It begins with an overview of current theories, computational methods, experimental techniques, and applications of optics of small particles. There is also some biographic information on Gustav Mie, who published his famous paper on the colour of Gold colloids in 1908. The Mie solution for the light scattering of small spherical particles set the basis for more advanced scattering theories and today there are many...

This book compares and offers a comprehensive overview of nine analytical techniques important in material science and many other branches of science. All these methods are already well adapted to applications in diverse fields such as medical, environmental studies, archaeology, and materials science. This clearly presented reference describes and compares the principles of the methods and the various source and detector types.

Advances in the synthesis of new materials with often complex, nano-scaled structures require increasingly sophisticated experimental techniques that can probe the electronic states, the atomic magnetic moments and the magnetic microstructures responsible for the properties of these materials. At the same time, progress in synchrotron radiation techniques has ensured that these light sources remain a key tool of investigation, e.g. synchrotron radiation sources of the third generation are able...

Interest in the applications of ultrawideband (UWB) radar systems is increasing rapidly all over the world. This is evident from the number of monographs recently published on the subject and from the many papers presented at international conferences on the general problems involved in UWB radar and on its promising new applications. Conventional (classical) methods seem to have exhausted their potential and studies in the field are undergoing a profound change. This book presents some of the n...