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Papers from the 1994 meeting represent a broad review of contemporary experimental work on quantum phenomena, emphasizing state-of-the-art experimental science. Useful as an introductory manual for young researchers, the volume addresses topics that include: experiments with single and ultracold ato

This book presents physical units and widely used physical formulas, which are given together with conversion factors in various units. It includes frequently used atomic spectra and data for atoms, ions and molecules, as well as potential curves for diatomic molecules, and provides numerical parameters for transport phenomena in gases and plasmas. Further, the rate constants of a number of processes in atmospheric ionized air have been added to this second edition of the book. The numerical dat...

This textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to ultrafast laser physics with a keen awareness of the needs of graduate students. It is self-contained and ready to use for both ultrafast laser courses and background for experimental investigation in the lab. The book starts with an advanced introduction to linear and nonlinear pulse propagation, details Q-switching and modelocking and goes into detail while explaining ultrashort pulse generation and measurement. Finally, the characterizati...

This book considers problems of optimization arising in the design of electromagnetic radiators and receivers, presenting a systematic general theory applicable to a wide class of structures. The theory is illustrated with examples, and indications of how the results can be applied to more complicated structures. The final chapter introduces techniques from multicriteria optimization in antenna design. References to mathematics and engineering literature guide readers through the necessary mathe...

This is an overview of single molecule physics, the study of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties at the single molecule level. It begins with an introduction to this fascinating science and includes a chapter on how to build the most popular instrument for single molecule biophysics, the total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope. It concludes with the Poisson process approach to statistical mechanics, explaining how to relate the process to diverse areas and see how da...

The propagation of light in 'dense media' where dipole-dipole interactions play a role is a fundamental topic that was first studied in the work of Clausius, Mossotti, Lorenz and Lorentz in the latter half of the nineteenth century. However, until recently there remained some areas of controversy: for example, whereas the Lorentz model for a gas predicts a resonance shift, a discrete dipole model does not. This thesis makes the first combined measurement of both the Lorentz shift and the associa...

Written for theoretical physicists, this book covers such topics as motion around a solenoid, flux measurements, and other phenomena involving movement on a closed circuit, as well as a discussion of a variety of physical phenomena where the A-B phase is a basic feature.

The teaching of solid state physics essentially concerns focusing on crystals and their properties. We study crystals and their properties because of the simple and elegant results obtained from the analysis of a spatially periodic system; this is why the analysis can be made considering a small set of atoms that represent the whole system of many particles. In contrast to the formal neat approach to crystals, the study of str- turally disordered condensed systems is somewhat complicated and oft...

This book is written for graduate students just beginning research, for theorists curious about what experimentalists actually can and do measure, and for experimentalists bewildered by theory. It is a guide for potential users of spectroscopic data, and uses language and concepts that bridge the frequency-and time-domain spectroscopic communities. Key topics, concepts, and techniques include: the assignment of simple spectra, basic experimental techniques, definition of Born-Oppenheimer and...

In 1921, five years after the appearance of his comprehensive paper on general relativity and twelve years before he left Europe permanently to join the Institute for Advanced Study, Albert Einstein visited Princeton University, where he delivered the Stafford Little Lectures for that year. These four lectures constituted an overview of his then-controversial theory of relativity. Princeton University Press made the lectures available under the title The Meaning of Relativity, the first book by...

This book analyzes the effect of hydrogen on the atomic-level interactions in metals, detailing the corresponding changes in the physical properties of crystal lattice defects, diffusion, and phase transformations in metallic materials as a result of hydrogen loading. It presents a novel derivation of the structure of stacking faults, the mobility of dislocations, and short-range atomic order in hydrogen-infused metallic alloys based on the change in the concentration of free electrons. It revie...

This book highlights some of the most important structural, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of DLC films. It is particularly dedicated to the fundamental tribological issues that impact the performance and durability of these coatings. The book provides reliable and up-to-date information on available industrial DLC coatings and includes clear definitions and descriptions of various DLC films and their properties.

The broad field of conformational motion disorder in crystals is described with particular attention to the separation from the well known mesophases of liquid crystals and plastic crystals. Structure, thermodynamics and motion of a larger number of small and large molecules are discussed. Of special interest are the borderlines between smectic and high viscosity liquid crystals and condis crystals and between plastic crystals and condis crystals as complicated by pseudorotation, jumping between...

This book provides readers with an introductory understanding of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC), a type of fusion meant to retain plasma using an electrostatic field. IEC provides a unique approach for plasma confinement, as it offers a number of spin-off applications, such as a small neutron source for Neutron Activity Analysis (NAA), that all work towards creating fusion power. The IEC has been identified in recent times as an ideal fusion power unit because of its ability to burn an...

The studies of molecular machines and their application are very active at this moment because of their long-standing prospective. All that attention of the whole scientific community started with the award of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to John Walker and Paul Boyer in 1997 for their work in elucidating the mechanism of the rotary generator of ATP in the mitochondrion. The expected benefits of their uses are now well known: ultimate size, possibility to design finely-tuned molecular devices a...

This volume presents and reviews trends and developments in the following active areas of research in atomic and molecular physics: Structure and properties of clusters: atomic dynamics in intense laser fields, (e, 2e) and photoionization processes, electron impact total ionization from atoms and molecules, electron excitation of autoionizing atoms and depopulation of Rydberg atoms, Quantum optical resonances; multiphoton and multistep laser ionization spectroscopy and life time measurement of N...

The greatest challenge to modern theory is how to combine related views of the same phenomenon. The recently emerged concept of multiple scale modeling indicates a major change from traditional analysis. Instead of relying on a single theoretical tool to analyze a particular object, this sophisticated approach uses a set of integrated tools to analyze a complex system spanning different time and size scales. This book emphasizes relations between different disciplines and highlights ways to buil...