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The scientific community has voiced two general concerns about the future of the earth. Firstly, climatologists and oceanographers have focused on the changes in our physical environment, ie climate, oceans, and air. And secondly, environmental biologists have addressed issues of conservation and the extinction of species. There is increasing evidence that these two broad concerns are intertwined and mutually dependent. Past changes in biodiversity have both responded to and caused changes in th...

Rice production is affected by changing climate conditions and has the dual role of contributing to global warming through emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. Climate change has been recognized as a major threat to the global environment. Because of insufficient field data, rice-growing countries face a problem when trying to comply with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change stipulations to compile a national inventory of emissions and to explore mitigation option...

Aim of this book is to present to researchers and engineers a description of the present knowledge on the viscoplasticity of geomaterials, considering the experimental and theoretical aspects and the applications to relevant problems. First, the laboratory tests performed in order to quantitatively assess the theological properties of rocks are illustrated, describing the equipments used in modern rock mechanics laboratories and the proper testing procedures. Part of the presentation is devoted...

Die Ostsee als groesstes Brackwassermeer der Welt ist zunehmend gefahrdet; die Verschmutzung durch Abwasser und Abfalle nimmt standig zu, ein Durchmischen und Abfliessen aber findet kaum statt. Um dieses noch junge Meer als Lebensraum zu erhalten, ist eine umfassende Analyse und ein standiges UEberwachen der oekologischen Parameter noetig. Renommierte Forscher der grossen Ostseeinstitute beschreiben in der Meereskunde der Ostsee alle wesentlichen Aspekte, die das OEkosystem Ostsee ausmachen, wie...

Featuring a collection of informative and descriptive chapters, this book is essential reading for environmental scientists, environmental toxicologists and people from allied fields. The research and its outcomes presented here focus on pollution prevention approaches, clean technologies and toxic use reduction that has the potential for eliminating worker exposure to health risks; and creates healthy and sustainable ecosystems. Readers will discover ways to incorporate prevention in the design...

Ground vibration consideration is gaining significance with people’s decreasing tolerance of vibration, introduction of new environmental legislations, increasing use of equipment sensitive to vibration, ageing of existing buildings and expanding construction sites to/near collapsible/liquefiable/thixotropic soil.This volume bridges the gap that exists between rather limited provisions of engineering codes/standards and complex numerical analyses/small-scale tests.The book contains descriptions...

This fourth volume of Light Scattering Reviews is composed of three parts. The ?rstpartisconcernedwiththeoreticalandexperimentalstudiesofsinglelightsc- tering by small nonspherical particles. Light scattering by small particles such as, for instance, droplets in the terrestrial clouds is a well understood area of physical optics. On the other hand, exact theoretical calculations of light scattering p- terns for most of nonspherical and irregularly shaped particles can be performed only for the r...

Freezing and thawing of soils is a common phenomenon in the winter-cold zone. The thesis titled "Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects" systematically explores the freeze-thaw effects on the accumulation and release processes of carbon and nitrogen in wetland soils, which is a good step toward the investigation of biogeochemical processes in wetlands in seasonal freeze-thaw areas. It is also developing strategies aimed at global warming effects on the accumulation and r...

Das Buch bietet in einem ersten Hauptteil eine Einfuhrung in Stroemungsvorgange in der gesattigten und ungesattigten Zone und deren analytische Beschreibung. Im Anschluss wird erlautert, wie man unterirdische Stroemungen auf dem Computer numerisch modellieren kann. In einem zweiten Hauptteil werden Prozesse der Stoff- und Warmeausbreitung behandelt. Dabei erfolgt eine analytische Beschreibung von Transport-, Sorptions-, Abbau- und Produktionsvorgangen sowie die darauf aufbauende Umsetzung in num...

Describes the power of lightning and its positive and negative effects on living things. Includes safety tips on what to do in case lightning strikes.

The 'wind vector' - wind speed and direction - is a main meteorological quantity and relevant for air-sea exchange processes. This book explores the use of several airborne microwave instruments, some of which are part of standard aircraft equipment, in determining the local wind vector over water. This is worthwhile as local wind information is usually only available at measurements sites like weather stations and airports, and global wind information from satellites has very coarse resolution...

Provides students with a solid foundation in climate science, with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. As climate models are one of our primary tools for predicting and adapting to climate change, it is vital we appreciate their strengths and limitations. Also key is understanding what aspects of climate science are well understood and where quantitative uncertainties arise. This textbook will inform the future users of climate models and the decis...

The present work is not exactly a "course," but rather is presented as a monograph in which the author has set forth what are, for the most part, his own results; this is particularly true of Chaps. 7-13. Many of the problems dealt with herein have, since the school year 1975-76, been the subject of a series of graduate lectures at the "Universire des Sciences et Techniques de Lille I" for students preparing for the "Diplome d'Etudes Ap profondies de Mecanique (option fluides)." The writing of t...

The research of the last decade has demonstrated that ecosystems and human systems are influenced by multiple factors, including climate, land use, and the by-products of resource use. Understanding the net impact of a suite of simultaneously occurring environmental changes is essential for developing effective response strategies. Using case studies on drought and a wide range of atmosphere-ecosystem interactions, a workshop was held in September 2005 to gather different perspectives on multipl...

Sponsored by the Committee on Evapotranspiration in Irrigation and Hydrology of the Irrigation and Drainage Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, and Irrigation Requirements is a comprehensive reference to estimating the water quantities needed for irrigation of crops based upon the physics of evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET). This new edition of MOP 70, which updates and expands the 1990 original, provides improved and standa...