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Cells do not normally live as single entities but are grouped together in specific functional and structural configurations in various tissues. Intra­ cellular mechanisms maintain cellular viability and provide the means necessary for their specific cellular functions. The interaction between cells is maintained by mechanisms involving extracellular signalling. Such extracellular mechanisms may include special properties of the cell surface which involve immediate cell contact, but may also repr...

Various endogenous and environmental challenges of homoiostasis have resulted in the evolution of apparently quite different mechanisms for the same or similar functions in individual representatives of the animal kingdom. One of the prominent achievements of comparative physiology over the last few decades has been the description of regula- tory features common to many studied species beyond the extreme diversity of their morphological forms. Delineation of functional princi- ples universally...

Since the Russian edition of this book was published in 1975 many new research works have appeared which have made necessary some additions for the English edition, to reflect progress in molecular developmental genetics. Recent important findings in this field have brought about essential corrections to the concept of genetic regulation of the process of cell differentiation. The discovery of the mosaic structure of a gene prompted the re­ evaluation of our considerations about the regulation o...

This volume deals with the significance of the apoblast and the intracellular matrix in cell to cell signaling in plants and animals. Researchers working on human, animal and plant systems discuss their own specific problems. The dynamics of the cell surface as related to both growth and development, as well as to the transduction of environmental signals and the feed-back from genetic information to the cell surface are comprehensively covered. Special emphasis is laid on experimental models, t...

Provided here is an up to date account of how high pressures affect cellularprocesses in microorganisms and in eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranetransport, cell activation, the excitable properties of cells, muscular contraction, with particular emphasis on cardiac muscle, and the role of pressure in the physiology of cartilage in load bearing joints. Additionally there are thorough reviews of the effects of pressure on fish and on the central nervous system of mam...

Although our understanding of the structure and activities of the cell nucleus and of the nanomachines which it contains is increasing rapidly, much remains to be learned. The application and continuing development of the new, powerful biochemical and biophysical methodologies described here are essential in this quest. In The Nucleus, researchers from more than forty leading international laboratories describe state-of-the-art methods for isolating nuclei and their components and for studying t...

In the decade since publication of the first edition of Crystallographic Methods and Protocols the field has seen several major developments that have both accelerated the pace of structure determination and made crystallography accessible to a broader range of investigators. Volume I, Preparation and Crystallization of Macromolecules is dedicated to the crystallization and ways to increase the odds of obtaining crystals in macromolecules, while Volume 2, Structure Determination, covers both com...

A collection of readily reproducible methods for the design, preparation, and use of RNAs for silencing gene expression in cells and organisms. The techniques range widely and include methods addressing the biochemical aspects of the silencing machinery, RNA silencing in non-mammalian organisms, and the in vivo delivery of siRNAs and silencing vectors. There are also techniques for designing, preparing, and using RNAs to silence gene expression, for fine-tuning regulation by targeting specific i...

Although there has been an explosion of interest and technology in the study of neural stem cells, many questions related to stem cell properties and neural stem cell lineage and differentiation still linger.  Neural Stem Cells, 2nd Edition revises and expands upon the successful first edition in order to provide the most current, cutting-edge methods of today for the scientists working to answer these questions.  The use of these step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols will allo...

This introductory guide provides novice researchers and lab students with a thorough step-by-step approach to standard animal cell culture techniques. Coverage includes lab safety and best practices, sterility management, preparation, ethical considerations, and troubleshooting for common pain points. This is an up-to-date, indispensable handbook for early-career researchers and students, as well as established scientists in biotechnology, cell and developmental biology, pharmaceutical toxicolog...

Lipid-derived molecules are increasingly appreciated as key regulators of cell responses and signal transduction. Sphingolipid-derived bioactive molecules are emerging as critical regulators of some of the most exciting and, until recently, poorly-understood areas of biology such as growth suppression, programmed cell death and tumor invasion. Written by leading investigators in these areas of study, this book presents a thorough, current and accessible review of how sphingolipids function to re...

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in men and women. Unfortunately, women have traditionally been excluded from clinical trials, and female animals have been used less or sex was not reported in basic research studies. Until recently, consideration of both sexes was not required in clinical and preclinical studies focusing on cardiovascular diseases. However, the number of clinical and experimental papers dealing with sex differences and heart disease significantly increa...

This book discusses central concepts and theories in cell biology from the ancient past to the 21st century, based on the premise that understanding the works of scientists like Hooke, Hofmeister, Caspary, Strasburger, Sachs, Schleiden, Schwann, Mendel, Nemec, McClintock, etc. in the context of the latest advances in plant cell biology will help provide valuable new insights.Plants have been an object of study since the roots of the Greek, Chinese and Indian cultures. Since the term “cell” was f...

Selective Sweep deals with the theory and practice of detection of recent adaptive evolution at the genomic level from the patterns of DNA polymorphism. Recent advances in genomic sequencing provide the background for analysis of polymorphic sites in large chromosomal regions or even in whole genome, thus providing the tool for effective identification of loci that are under strong pressure of positive selection. For this reason, the studies of selective sweep, which formerly were of interest mo...

Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress III continues the thread of the first two books by covering technology ranging from a portable hand-held detector for remote analysis of antioxidant capacity to sophisticated technology such as shotgun lipidomics, mitochondrial imaging, nano sensors, fluorescent probes, chromatographic fingerprints, computational models and bio statistical applications. Several chapters have shown the effect of pro-oxidation and antioxidants as inflammatory mediators in sig...

The informational content of cells is encoded in the nucleotide sequences of their DNA. The restrictions on base pairing- A pairing with T (U), and G pairing with C - in nature assures the fidelity of replication of DNA in cell division, and of transcription. In the test tube, these restrictions can be exploited for ascertaining similarities and dissimilarities of nucleic acids of varying origin by measuring the kinetics of reassociation of polynucleotides to double-stranded molecules in DNA­ DN...

This book represents the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Santa Flavia, Sicily from the 20 - 29th June, 1977. In addition to the review talks given by the Lecturers at the Institute it proved feasible for other topics to be splendidly reviewed. This has led to a much wider subject coverage than would otherwise have been possible. The discussion sessions which followed these review talks were extremely valuable and almost all the participants played an active role. Essenti...

The 25th Jerusalem Symposium represents a most significant highlight in the development and history of these meetings. Living within the decimal system we have celebrated with much pleasure the lath and the 20th Jerusalem Symposia. With this one we experience a feeling of particular satisfaction because 25 years is different from, is more than, two decades and a half. It is a quarter of a century. It seems thus as if we have changed the dimension of our endeavour. In no way do we loose the sense...

Three years have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of this book (in German). The continued interest of our readers and the rapid progress of our knowl­ edge in many fields necessitates a thoroughly revised and somewhat enlarged new edition. Cell differentiation is a prerequisite of life. It is defined as the prooess leading to the qualitatively and quantitatively selective realization of distinct parts of a given genetic material. Cell differentiation comprises five main aspects...

This book presents a detailed overview of the design, formatting, application, and development of microfluidic chips in the context of cell biology research, enumerating each element involved in microfluidics-based cell analysis, discussing its history, status quo, and future prospects, It also offers an extensive review of the research completed in the past decade, including numerous color figures. The individual chapters are based on the respective authors' studies and experiences, providing t...

This volume is one of those published from the proceedings of the invited lectures to the First International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry I organized at Liege (Belgium) in August 1984 under the auspices of the Section of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry of the International Union of Biological Sciences. In a general foreword to these different volumes, it seems to me appropriate to consider briefly what may be the comparative approach. Living organisms, beyond the...