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This book offers a new look at emergence in terms of a hierarchical emergent ontology. Emergence is recognised as a universal principle, as universal as the principle of evolution. This is achieved by setting out the ontological criteria of emergence and such criteria's various roles. The traditional dichotomies are overcome, e.g., the synchronic and diachronic perspectives are unified, allowing a single, universal principle of emergence to be applied across various fields of science. As exempla...

The former Queen of Science seems to be lacking both a specific subject and a particular method. Thus the need arises for intra- and metaphilosophical orientation - especially since the way philosophy sees itself stems from various influential schools and traditions whose mutual exchange is not as lively as one might have hoped. This volume of original essays brings together some of the protagonists of different metaphilosophical debates that have so far been led fairly independently of each oth...

A long tradition, going back to Aristotle, conceives of logic in terms of necessity and possibility: a deductive argument is correct if it is not possible for the conclusion to be false when the premises are true. A relatively unknown feature of the analytic tradition in philosophy is that, at its very inception, this venerable conception of the relation between logic and necessity and possibility - the concepts of modality - was put into question. The founders of analytic philosophy, Gottlob Fr...

Articles gathered in the volume focus on traditional and contemporary debates within the philosophy of language, and on the interfaces between linguistics, philosophy, and logic. The topics of individual contributions cover such diverse issues as analytic accounts of the a priori and implicit definitions, medieval and contemporary theories of fallacy, game-theoretical semantics, modal games in natural language and literary semantics, possible-world theories and paradoxes involving structured pro...

From the 19th century the philosophy of science has been shaped by a group of influential figures. Who were they? Why do they matter? This introduction brings to life the most influential thinkers in the philosophy of science, uncovering how the field has developed over the last 200 years. Taking up the subject from the time when some philosophers began to think of themselves not just as philosophers but as philosophers of science, a team of leading contemporary philosophers explain, criticize...

Paradox Lost covers ten of philosophy's most fascinating paradoxes, in which seemingly compelling reasoning leads to absurd conclusions. The following paradoxes are included: The Liar Paradox, in which a sentence says of itself that it is false. Is the sentence true or false?The Sorites Paradox, in which we imagine removing grains of sand one at a time from a heap of sand. Is there a particular grain whose removal converts the heap to a non-heap?The Puzzle of the Self-Torturer, in which a se...

For the first time Truth: A Contemporary Reader brings together essays that have shaped two aspects of a fundamental philosophical topic: the nature of truth and the value of truth. Featuring 22 essays, this up-to-date reader includes seminal work by leading figures in contemporary analytic philosophy. It charts the development of the central 'grand proposals' about the nature of truth, and subsequently how their influence gradually diminished in face of new theories developed in the 20th and...

This interdisciplinary project is situated at the boundary between literary studies and philosophy. Its chief focus is on American Romanticism and it examines work by a number of prominent writers and philosophers, from Whitman and Thoreau to Barthes and Rorty.

The prevalent view of judgement in late Modern philosophy was the idea that judgement is the synthesis of representations into a unity. The synthesis model of judgement proved to be highly influential. Idealists on the Continent and in Britain conceived of judgement as a unifying act. However, the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century saw a major change in the theory of judgement. Early analytic philosophers such as Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein as well as ph...

It is not inacurate to say that from 1928 to 1936 Carnap was a member of the Vienna Circle, even though during this period he was not always present in Vienna. During this years, which spanned roughly the period from the Aufbau to Testability and Meaning, he worked or at least discussed frequently with the members of the group. However, traditionally it has been difficult to form a proper view of the development of Carnap's ideas throughout this period, mainly because of three errors which have...

This book has two objectives: to be a contribution to the understanding of Frege's theory of truth - especially a defence of his notorious critique of the correspondence theory - and to be an introduction to the practice of interpreting philosophical texts.

Jan Salamucha was born on the 10th of June 1903 in Warsaw and murdered on the 11th of August 1944 in Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising very early on in his scholarly career. He is the most original representative of the branch of the Lvov-Warsaw School known as the Cracow Circle. The Circle was a grouping of scholars who were interested in reconstructing scholasticism and Christian philosophy in general by means of mathematical logic. As Jan Lukasiewicz's successor in the area of logic and Konst...

Daya Krishna and Twentieth-Century Indian Philosophy introduces contemporary Indian philosophy as a unique philosophical genre through the writings of one its most significant exponents, Daya Krishna (1924-2007). It surveys Daya Krishna's main intellectual projects: rereading classical Indian sources anew, his famous Samvad Project, and his attempt to formulate a new social and political theory for India. Conceived as a dialogue with Daya Krishna and contemporaries, including his interlocutor...

In this book H. A. Knott develops an original yet highly readable approach to Wittgensteinian philosophy, moving from familiar territory onto uncharted terrains. The central topics of exploration revolve around the nature of concept possession - what it means to say that one has a concept - and the nature and difficulties of reflecting on our concepts within philosophy. The author argues that the possession of concepts is integral to our very constitution as persons and to our consciousness. Hen...

Main headings: Introduction: Philosophy and precision. - Part I. Being and essence. - Part II. Truth and nonsense. - Part III. Understanding and silence. - Conclusion: Science and creation.

How does Russell's realist conception of the proposition and its constituents inform the techniques for analysis which he adopted in mathematics? Jolen Galaugher's book sheds light on this perplexing issue. In this book, Galaugher provides a detailed treatment of Russell's early conception of analysis in the light of the philosophical doctrines to which it answered, and the demands imposed by existing mathematics on his early logicist program. She ties together the philosophical commitments whic...

This book systematically explores and discusses English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) research methods frequently deployed by ELF researchers in analysing their data. It mainly covers three different approaches: corpus-based, both written and spoken, conversation analytic and narrative approaches. In addition to exploring these different approaches to ELF data, the volume also introduces case studies that utilise them in analysing data in both academic and workplace settings, which facilitates not...

This extensive Instructor's Manual contains answers to the exercises that appear throughout the text.