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This book gathers the proceedings of the conference "Cultures of Mathematics and Logic," held in Guangzhou, China. The event was the third in a series of interdisciplinary, international conferences emphasizing the cultural components of philosophy of mathematics and logic. It brought together researchers from many disciplines whose work sheds new light on the diversity of mathematical and logical cultures and practices. In this context, the cultural diversity can be diachronical (different cult...

Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austr...

This book comprises five parts. The first three contain ten historical essays on important topics: number theory, calculus/analysis, and proof, respectively. Part four deals with several historically oriented courses, and Part five provides biographies of five mathematicians who played major roles in the historical events described in the first four parts of the work. Excursions in the History of Mathematics was written with several goals in mind: to arouse mathematics teachers' interest in th...

Mathematik ist nicht jedermanns Sache und oft hapert es schon an den Grundlagen. Frei nach dem Motto "Einst gelernt, doch längst vergessen" bereiten oft gerade die einfachen Fragestellungen Probleme. Wie viel Prozent sind das nochmal? Wie war das doch gleich mit der Bruchrechnung und wie berechnet man eigentlich den Flächeninhalt eines Dreiecks? Mark Zegarelli erklärt es Ihnen, einfach und zugleich amüsant. Dabei kommt er immer schnell auf den Punkt und hilft Ihnen so, Ihre Wissenslücken zu schl...

During the Fall Semester of 1987, Stevo Todorcevic gave a series of lectures at the University of Colorado. These notes of the course, taken by the author, give a novel and fast exposition of four chapters of Set Theory. The first two chapters are about the connection between large cardinals and Lebesque measure. The third is on forcing axioms such as Martin's axiom or the Proper Forcing Axiom. The fourth chapter looks at the method of minimal walks and p-functions and their applications. The bo...

Recent major advances in model theory include connections between model theory and Diophantine and real analytic geometry, permutation groups, and finite algebras. The present book contains lectures on recent results in algebraic model theory, covering topics from the following areas: geometric model theory, the model theory of analytic structures, permutation groups in model theory, the spectra of countable theories, and the structure of finite algebras. Audience: Graduate students in...

The theory of argumentation is a rich, interdisciplinary area of research lying across philosophy, communication studies, linguistics, and psychology (at least). Its techniques and results have found a wide range of applications in both t- oretical and practical branches of arti?cial intelligence and computer science. Several theories of argumentation with various semantics have been proposed in the literature. Multi-agent systems theory has picked up argument-inspired approaches and speci?cally...

Assumes only a familiarity with algebra at the beginning graduate level; Stresses applications to algebra; Illustrates several of the ways Model Theory can be a useful tool in analyzing classical mathematical structures

Infinity is an intriguing topic, with connections to religion, philosophy, metaphysics, logic, and physics as well as mathematics. Its history goes back to ancient times, with especially important contributions from Euclid, Aristotle, Eudoxus, and Archimedes. The infinitely large (infinite) is intimately related to the infinitely small (infinitesimal). Cosmologists consider sweeping questions about whether space and time are infinite. Philosophers and mathematicians ranging from Zeno to Russell...

This is a motivated presentation of recent results on tree transducers, applied to studying the general properties of formal models and for providing semantics to context-free languages. The authors consider top-down tree transducers, macro tree transducers, attributed tree transducers, and macro attributed tree transducers. A unified terminology is used to define them, and their transformational capacities are compared. This handbook on tree transducers will serve as a base for further research...

DLT 2001 was the ?fth Conference on Developments in Language Theory. It was a broadly based conference covering all aspects of Language Theory: grammars and - ceptorsforstrings,graphs,arrays,etc.;ef?cientalgorithmsforlanguages;combinatorial andalgebraicpropertiesoflanguages;decisionproblems;relationstocomplexitytheory; logic; picture description and analysis; DNA computing; cryptography; concurrency. DLT 2001 was held at Technische Universitat .. Wien from July 16 to July 21, 2001. The Organizin...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP 2018, held in Lille, France, in August 2018.The 41 full and 9 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 114 submissions. They deal with all aspects of computing with constraints including theory, algorithms, environments, languages, models, systems, and applications such as decision making, resource allocation, scheduling, confi...

This book features a unique approach to the teaching of mathematical logic by putting it in the context of the puzzles and paradoxes of common language and rational thought. It serves as a bridge from the author's puzzle books to his technical writing in the fascinating field of mathematical logic. Using the logic of lying and truth-telling, the au

An accessible explanation of Kurt Goedel's groundbreaking work in mathematical logic In 1931 Kurt Goedel published his fundamental paper, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems." This revolutionary paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. Goedel received public recognition of his work in 1951 when he was awarded the first Albert Einstein Award for achievement in the natural sciences-perhaps the highe...

In recent years, fuzzy sets have become an important field, the development of which has been accelerated by the emergence of fuzzy control as a commercially successful methodology. This book makes available significant articles on fuzzy sets related to intelligent systems. The papers in this volume cover fundamental notions in fuzzy sets, fuzzy control, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, information processing, decision sciences, connections with operations research, and knowledge acquisit...

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Knowledge Management in Organizations, KMO 2015, held in Maribor, Slovenia, in August 2015. The theme of the conference was "Knowledge Management and Internet of Things." The KMO conference brings together researchers and developers from industry and academia to discuss how knowledge management using big data can improve innovation and competitiveness. The 59 contributions accepted for KMO 2015 were selected fr...