Philip E. Hess, MD, is associate professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA.

Yunping Li, MD, is division director of Obstetric Anesthesia and associate professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA.

John J. Kowalczyk, MD, is an instructor in anesthesia at Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA. He is also an attending physician in the Department of Anesthesia.

Justin K. Stiles, MD, is an instructor in anesthesia at Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA.