Dr Outi Niininen was a Senior Lecturer in Marketing in the School of Management, La Trobe University, Australia from 2005-2015. Outi previously worked at the Tourism Department of the University of Surrey, UK. Outi's research interests fall broadly under the heading on consumer psychology and to what extent perception influences consumer behaviour. Tourism Marketing-specific research projects have featured around human-computer interaction, crisis management, destination loyalty and destination branding.