Merline Pitre is Professor of History and former Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Science at Texas Southern University. A former President of the Texas State Historical Association, she is author of Through Many Dangers, Toils, and Snares: The Black Leadership of Texas, 1868-1898, Revised Edition, and In Struggle against Jim Crow: Lulu B. White and the NAACP, 1900-1957.