Robert Lewis is the UK expert on two IEC working groups defining the PLC programming language standard (IEC 1131-3) and developing a new standard for specifying reusable software function blocks for distributed industrial and manufacturing systems (IEC 1499). He is a Fellow of the IET and has been concerned with the development of control systems for a wide range of industrial applications for over 15 years. One of his particular interests is the application of graphical programming techniques to the design of industrial control software.