Doug Seroff, Greenbrier, Tennessee, is an independent scholar. He is the coauthor (with Lynn Abbott) of Out of Sight: The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895; Ragged but Right: Black Traveling Shows, "Coon Songs," and the Dark Pathway to Blues and Jazz; and To Do This, You Must Know How: Music Pedagogy in the Black Gospel Quartet Tradition, all published by University Press of Mississippi.