Elements in Molecular Oncology

2 total works

Targeting Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Lung Cancer

by Matthew Lee, Fawzi Abu Rous, Alain Borczuk, Stephen Liu, Shirish Gadgeel, and Balazs Halmos

Published 5 January 2023

EGFR-Directed Therapy in Lung Cancer

by So-Yeon Kim, Daniel B. Costa, Daisuke Shibahara, Susumu Kobayashi, and Balazs Halmos

Published 31 January 2023

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a clinically important driver alteration affecting approximately one-third of lung cancer patients. Treatments for EGFR-exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R NSCLC have evolved over the last decade from first-generation reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to third-generation irreversible...Read more

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a clinically important driver alteration affecting approximately one-third of lung cancer patients. Treatments for EGFR-exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R NSCLC have evolved over the last decade from first-generation reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to third-generation irreversible TKIs, of which osimertinib has been the widely accepted as first-line therapy. Despite survival improvement seen with osimertinib and its efficacy against acquired T790M mutation, resistance through on-target and off-target pathways eventually develop. This Element describes the structural biology and pathophysiology of EGFR-mutant NSCLC and discusses past, current, and future treatment options in the metastatic, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant settings. It describes the biology and recently approved treatment for EGFR-exon 20 insertion mutation and the treatment for the uncommon exon 18 (G719X), 20 (S768I), and 21 (L861Q) mutations. It also outlines the promising clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).