Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series, Volume 4.

This work is a contribution to the research encouraged by the IAPSO Working Group on Optical Oceanography, in particular its third term of reference ('Examination of ocean optical properties with their application to other aspects of oceanography, including physical oceanography, ocean dynamics, heat absorption and climatology, marine biology, and sedimentology.'). Due to the important amount of oceanographic data used in this study which have been acquired over a long period, all of the support received cannot be acknowledged. By restricting ourselves to the latest, we wish to acknowledge the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (under contracts ERA 278 and GRECO 034), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (under contracts 80-81/250), the Centre National d'Exploitation des Oceans (under contracts 79/2084, 79/2010, and 81/203), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (under contract NAS 5-22963 and grant NAGW-273), and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (under contract NA-7 9-SAC-00741).