Book 32


Includes case studies of individual pioneers such as Carter G. Woodson, Allison Davis, George I. Sanchez, Franz Boas, Mourning Dove, Ella Deloria, and Robert E. Park.


Most of the literature on citizenship education is silent on questions related to race, ethnicity and social-class stratification. James A. Banks aims to fill this gap. The thousands of immigrants that enter the United States each year, the increasing number of students who speak a first language other than English, and the widening gap between the rich and the poor intensify the challenge of educating students for citizenship in a democratic society. In these 11 essays, written over a 13-year period, Dr Banks describes how schools can both educate students to participate effectively in a society that reflects ethnic and cultural diversity and also promotes national unity and public good. These essays provide a comprehensive blending of the author's work in citizenship education and multicultural education. A founder of multicultural education and a past president of the National Council for the Social Studies, Dr Banks describes how the concepts, paradigms, and aims of multicultural education must become integral parts of the project to educate citizenship and to create democratic schools in free societies.

This important book offers a more inclusive approach to preparing students to be responsible participants in a democratic society. Civic education generally operates through the lens of citizenship, where students learn what good citizenship is and what good citizens do. Yet the citizenship lens fails to identify the wide range of school children and their families who participate in economic, political, and social life. Civic Education in the Age of Mass Migration examines the exclusionary aspects of citizenship and offers democratic societies an alternative approach that includes all long-term residents regardless of citizenship and immigration status. Banks reimagines a civic education curriculum that gives students the knowledge and skills they will need to assist the United States in becoming a more perfect union.

Book Features:

  • A brief overview of the history of civic education and why citizenship status and immigration status should be explicitly addressed.
  • An examination of the economic, political, and social forces shaping immigration law.
  • A new way to conceptualize membership based on three principles: popular sovereignty, participation, and the jus nexi principle.
  • Classroom activities and discussion questions to help civic educators incorporate the idea of citizenship boundaries into their curriculum.

This important volume brings together key writings from one of the most influential education scholars of our time. In this collection of her seminal essays on critical race theory (CRT), Gloria Ladson-Billings seeks to clear up some of the confusion and misconceptions that education researchers have around race and inequality. Beginning with her groundbreaking work with William Tate in the mid-1990s up to the present day, this book discloses both a personal and intellectual history of CRT in education. The essays are divided into three areas: Critical Race Theory, Issues of Inequality, and Epistemology and Methodologies. Ladson-Billings ends with an afterword that looks back at her journey and considers what is on the horizon for other scholars of education. Having these widely cited essays in one volume will be invaluable to everyone interested in understanding how inequality operates in our society and how race affects educational outcomes.

Featured Essays:

1. Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education with William F. Tate IV

2. Critical Race Theory: What It Is Not!

3. From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Inequality in U.S. Schools

4. Through a Glass Darkly: The Persistence of Race in Education Research and Scholarship

5. New Directions in Multicultural Education: Complexities, Boundaries, and Critical Race Theory

6. Landing on the Wrong Note: The Price We Paid for Brown

7. Racialized Discourses and Ethnic Epistemologies

8. Critical Race Theory and the Post-Racial Imaginary with Jamel K. Donner


This book addresses a problem that affects the work of all educators: how traditional methods of assessment undermine the capacity of schools to serve students with diverse cultural and social backgrounds and identities. Anchored in a common-sense notion of validity, this book explains how current K–12 assessment practices are grounded in the language, experiences, and values of the dominant White culture. It presents a timely review of research on bias in classroom and large-scale assessments, as well as research on how students’ level of engagement influences their performances. The author recommends practices that can improve the validity of students’ assessment performances by minimizing sources of bias, using culturally responsive assessment tools, and adopting strategies likely to increase students’ engagement with assessment tasks. This practical resource provides subject-specific approaches for improving the cultural and social relevance of assessment tools and offers guidance for evaluating existing assessment instruments for bias, language complexity, and accessibility issues.

Book Features:

  • Research-based recommendations for improving assessment fairness, validity, and cultural/social relevance.
  • Practices that have been shown to improve the effectiveness of classroom assessments in supporting student learning.
  • Concrete examples of how to create culturally relevant assessment tasks that target valued learning goals in language arts, mathematics, social studies, and science classrooms.
  • Appendixes that provide tools educators can use to improve grading practices.

Drawing from the lived experiences of Black parents as they engaged with their children's K-12 schools, this book brings a critical race theory (CRT) analysis to family-school partnerships. The author examines persistent racism and white supremacy at school, Black parents' resistance, and ways school communities can engage in more authentic partnerships with Black and Brown families. The children in this study attended schools with varying demographics and reputations. Their parents were engaged in these schools in the highly visible ways educators and policymakers traditionally say is important for children's education, such as proactively communicating with teachers, helping with homework, and joining PTOs. The author argues that, because of the relentless anti-Black racism Black families experience in schools, educators must depart from race-evasive approaches and commit to more liberatory family-school partnerships.

Book Features:

  • Includes an introduction to CRT and explains how it informed this study.
  • Draws from Derrick Bell's notion of racial realism to make sense of Black parent participants advocating for high-quality education in the context of persistent anti-Black racism.
  • Examines how Black parents resisted individualism and were, instead, committed to improving the education of all marginalized children.
  • Shows how white supremacy operated in shared school governance despite schools having inclusive practices.
  • Explores how anxiety and stress caused by the Trump presidency impacted parents' school engagement.
  • Describes three ways any school community can develop family-school partnerships for collective educational justice.