A key question for global multinationals is how to balance in the best way the potentially conflicting demands of global efficiency and local responsiveness. Based on extensive original research over a long period, this book explores the different approaches of European and Japanese multinationals in handling this issue. It discusses different approaches to organisational design, the degree of control from the centre, local autonomy, the creation and maintenance of corporate values and culture, and human resource management issues. Overall, it provides practical answers to everyday challenges, indicating how multinationals may need to change their approach.