Series:

Occasional Paper

8 primary works • 96 total works

Cover of Jordan

Jordan

by International Monetary Fund

Published 24 April 1997

Cover of Economic Dislocation and Recovery in Lebanon

Cover of Improving the International Monetary System

Cover of Aging Populations and Public Pensions Schemes
An ageing society is characterized by a growing proportion of the retired to the active working population. Ageing affects virtually all societies today, but more so the industrial countries which have generally experienced it over a long period, and for which further pronounced ageing is projected over the next four decades. Concerns about the challenges posed by ageing populations have moved to the forefront of the public policy debate in many countries. This paper attempts to respond to some of these concerns, focusing in particular on the fiscal sustainability of public pensions schemes in industrial countries.

Cover of Disinflation in Transition, 1993-1997

Cover of The Composition of Fiscal Adjustment and Growth
Dated March 1997

Cover of Exchange Rates and Economic Fundamentals
Dated December 1994

Cover of Sub-Saharan Africa
Dated January 1995

Cover of Perspectives on Regional Unemployment in Europe
Includes separate chapters on Italy & Spain

Cover of Tax Reform in the Baltics, Russia and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Cover of Economic Reforms in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

Cover of Price Liberalisation in Russia

Cover of The ESAF at Ten Years
ESAF = Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility

Cover of Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization

Cover of Fiscal Vulnerability and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies
Recent crises in Argentina and Turkey illustrate the continuing importance of fiscal problems in precipitating financial crises, and whatever their cause, financial crises always have important fiscal dimensions. This paper focuses on the fiscal aspects of financial crises in emerging market economies, particularly with regards to the fiscal causes of crises; fiscal vulnerability indicators which can help to predict crises; whether fiscal variables explain the severity of crises; and the fiscal consequences of crises. The study uses a large set of fiscal variables for 29 emerging market economies over the period 1970-2000; as well as detailed case studies of 11 recent crises in emerging market economies to examine some of the structural and institutional dimensions of fiscal vulnerability.

Cover of Is the PRGF Living Up to Expectations?
In late 1999 the IMF established the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) to integrate the objectives of poverty reduction and growth more fully into its operations for the poorest countries, and to base these operations on national poverty reduction strategies prepared by the country with broad participation of key stakeholders. A review of the program would be conducted two years later. This paper synthesizes two papers prepared by IMF staff: Review of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Issues and Options, and Review of the Key Features of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Staff Analyses. The paper draws on a broad range of internal and external views gathered between July 2001 and February 2002, including discussions at regional forums, meetings with donor government officials and representatives of civil society organizations, and comments of key officials in member countries with PRGF arrangements.

Cover of IMF-supported Programs in Capital Account Crises
The increasing globalisation of capital markets presents new challenges for the design and implementation of programmes supported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This paper examines the design and experience of IMF supported plans in the context of eight capital account crises during the 1990's in the following countries: Turkey, Mexico, Argentina, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines and Brazil. The paper focuses on the financing strategies adopted and the role of macroeconomic and structural policies.

Cover of Capital Account Liberalization and Financial Sector Stability
This paper analyses the links between capital account liberalisation and other policies influencing financial sector stability. Drawing on country experiences, it develops an operational framework for the co-ordination of capital account liberalisation, particularly with structural policies to strengthen the domestic financial system.

Cover of Methodology for Current Account and Exchange Rate Assessments
This paper discusses the methodologies used by IMF staff to monitor the exchange rate policies of its member countries, and considers the conceptual and empirical issues involved in interpreting the assessments. It provides perspectives on alternative frameworks for assessing exchange rates, and describes some initial efforts to develop a separate methodology for assessing the current account positions of emerging market economies. The focus of this paper is on methodology and interpretive issues, rather than on numerical assessments.

Cover of Advanced Country Experiences with Capital Account Liberlization
After the industrial countries established current account convertibility in the late 1950s, they began to phase out their capital controls. Their efforts were slow and tentative at first, but built up considerable momentum by the 1980s as market-oriented economic policies gained popularity. This paper describes how national policymakers' views of capital controls shifted over time, and how these controls have been closely related to regulation in other policy areas, such as banking and financial markets. As developing countries seek to liberalize their capital accounts to obtain the benefits of increased integration with the global economy, what lessons can be drawn from industrial countries' diverse experiences with capital controls, and how can a country's liberalization measures be sequenced to minimize disturbances to its exchange rate and monetary policies?