This book mainly concerns the experimental aspects of a rapidly developing area of modern photonics, i.e., the singular optics of partially coherent, partially polarized, and polychromatic light fields. This topic gives rise to both new concepts and experimental tools for laboratory investigation, and considerable extension of the possibilities for implementation of the singular optics paradigm in solving diverse practical problems ranging from nanoscience to astrophysics.

This monograph examines selected applications of the optical correlation approaches and techniques in diverse problems of modern optics. These problems include linear singular optics of monochromatic, fully spatially coherent light fields; phase singularities in polychromatic (white-light) optical fields; optical correlation techniques for diagnostics of rough surfaces; and Mueller-matrix images of biological tissues and their statistical and fractal structures.

Optical fields carry vital diagnostic information, such as amplitude, phase, polarization, spectral, angular and correlation characteristics. The metrology of random optical fields plays an important role in optical diagnostics and optical recognition studies, with applications ranging from astronomy to industrial quality control. This monograph examines the possibilities for diagnostics of light-scattering objects and media by utilizing the properties of coherent optical radiation. Special emphasis is placed on diagnostics of rough surfaces. Ideas formulated in classical work on statistical radiophysics and optics have been adapted to diagnostic application. The text includes techniques and unconventional methods aimed at obtaining the maximum information available.