An engaging range of period texts and theme books for AS and A Level history. A succinct survey of the changing complexities of modern warfare - with particular emphasis on land warfare - and offers a useful introduction to this important aspect of European and world history. Peter Browning examines how and why warfare changed betweem 1792 and 1945. He traces the development from the 'impulse' warfare of Napoleon, via the political wars of the mid nineteenth century and the trench warfare of 1914-18, to Blitzkrieg in 1939-45. These practices are studied with reference to the theory of warfare and especially the ideas of Carl von Clausewitz - one of the great theorists of war.

An engaging range of period texts and theme books for AS and A Level history. The 'short nineteenth century', characterised by the growth of nationalism and revolutions, both political and economic, saw the emergence of a Europe of nation states and great industrial power. Peter Browning provides an incisive and lively account of four countries: Italy, France, Russia and Germany. For each, he identifies the main political and economic factors that help explain its development and assesses the role of national leaders such as Mazzini, Napoleon III, Nicholas I and Bismarck. He outlines historical debates about the four countries and sets their development in the context of the 'long nineteenth century'.