Ivory is big business, and in some parts of Africa elephants have been hunted almost to extinction in the quest for it. The losses to African economies have been catastrophic. Now there is an international ban on the trade and conservation is. the principal goal. This should be a matter for rejoicing, but nothing is quite so simple.
The authors of this book have looked at the overall statistics, including those for countries where the elephant population is stable. They have considered the multiplicity of economic and social functions fulfilled by ensuring that elephant herds survive, tourism, a variety of ecological purpose. and, finally, as a source of ivory. They show how the careful management of elephants as a resource can best serve African interests. This book is at the cutting edge of economic thinking and provides a model for the consideration of the difficult relationship between people and wildlife.

Originally published in 19990


Our wellbeing-even our existence-depends on ecological systems and biological diversity. Ecologists and economists alike recognise that loss of biodiversity is one of the most serious problems the world faces yet their narrow, conventional approaches often fail to grasp all the implications of the problem. New, interdisciplinary thinking is required to safeguard both us and the biosphere from the effects of species extinction. Paradise Lost, the outcome of a unique collaboration between economists and ecologists initiated by the Beijer Institute of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, shows how an integrated approach can understand and tackle the issue: Part 1 provides an overview of the causes of the problem, and of previous approaches to dealing with it; Part 2 examines the effects of biodiversity loss on specific natural systems and the limits to our current knowledge; Part 3 looks at the policy implications discussing the ecological limits to economic activity and the management institutions needed to make an integrated approach effective and Part 4 presents the conclusions: the future research needed and the policy challenges which have to be confronted. Stimulating and clearly written, this book provides a comprehensive account for those academically or professionally involved, and for anyone wanting to know what is at stake and what can be done.