This book describes the kinds of latent variable models that can be applied to multivariate data and the purposes for which different analyses can be used. It outlines the steps in model estimation and interpretation of key questions in applied statistical research, with examples drawn from real data obtained by the authors in their three decades of research. The book provides enough insight into the underlying models, parameterizations, and estimation methods to enable readers to make informed decisions about what Mplus features to use and when.