Fathers of the Church

3 total works

Exegetic Homilies

by Basil

Published 11 March 2003

In a relatively short life time St. Basil (ca. 330-379) bequeathed to posterity a rich literary heritage. He intended the nine homilies on the Hexaemeron, probably delivered extemporaneously, to be an explanation of the literal meaning of the biblical account of creation. As a matter of fact these homilies show us a person who had mastered the philosophical and scientific knowledge of his times and applied it to his explanations of Sacred Scripture. St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan, admired this work of St. Basil so much that he imitated it in his own Hexaemeron and even inserted Latin translations of Basil's work. The Latin translations of these homilies of St. Basil that were made within a generation after the saint's death bear witness to their popularity and importance. The homilies on the Psalms presented here in translation differ considerably in their methodology from the homilies on creation. Influenced by the scriptural interpretations given by Origen and Eusebius of Caesarea, Basil stresses the allegorical meaning of the psalms without, however, totally disregarding the literal meaning. Patristic scholars are fairly well agreed that the homilieson the Psalms antedate the homilies on creation which were probably delivered after Basil had become bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.

Letters, Volume 1 (1-185)

by Basil

Published 26 August 2008

The letters of St. Basil, three hundred and sixty-eight in number, which comprise the most vivid and most personal portion of his works, give us, perhaps, the clearest insight into the wealth of his rich and varied genius. They were written within the years from 357, shortly before his retreat to the Pontus, until his death in 378, a period of great unrest and persecution of the orthodox Catholic Church in the East. Their variety is striking, ranging from simple friendly greetings to profound explanations of doctrine, from playful reproaches to severe denunciations of transgressions, from kindly recommendations to earnest petitions for justice, from gentle messages of sympathy to bitter lamentations over the evils inflicted upon or existent in the churches.

As may be expected, the style in these letters is as varied as their subject matter. Those written in his official capacity as pastor of the Church, as well as the letters of recommendation and the canonical letters, are naturally more formal in tone, while the friendly letters, and those of appeal, admonition, and encouragement, and, more especially, those of consolation, show St. Basil's sophistic training, although even in these he uses restraint. He had the technique of ancient rhetoric at his fingertips, but he also had a serious purpose and a sense of fitness of things. To St. Basil's letters can be ascribed the qualities he attributed to the heartily approved book written by Diodorus, which qualities may be summed up as fullness of thought, clearness, simplicity, and naturalness of style. He himself disapproved of a too ornate style and carefully avoided it. His early education, however, had trained him for the use of rich diction and varied and charming figures, and, when the occasion warranted it, he proved himself a master in their use.

Whether we look at them from an historical, an ecclesiastical, or a theological point of view, the letters are an important contribution.

Letters, Volume 2 (186-368)

by Basil

Published 26 August 2008

This is the second volume of the letters of Bishop Basil of Caesarea in the Fathers of the Church series (Letters 186-368). It includes the correspondence from the year 374 until the end of his life in 379, as well as his undated letters and some letters of dubious or spurious authorship. The majority of this collection consists of authenticated letters, many of which Basil has devoted to the details of church discipline as well as to theological questions and to his own self-defense against the informal accusations of heresy that he suffered.