Saudi Arabia was shaped by the vision of one man at the beginning of the twentieth century and it is still governed by his descendants more than 100 years later.
Today Iraq is haunted by its legacy of hastily drawn borders in the aftermath of World War I and deteriorating relations with both its immediate neighbors and with the world.
In recent times the last Shah of Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, was determined to bring his country into the modern age, but he failed to see the wave of the Islamic revolution that swept him from power.