l is a historical book was published in 1911. The Hindu-Arabic numer is a positional decimal numeral system developed between the 1st and 5th centuries by Indian mathematicians. The system was adopted by Persian (Al-Khwarizmi's circa 825 book On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals) and Arab mathematicians (Al-Kindi's circa 830 volumes On the Use of the Indian Numerals) by the 9th century. It later spread to the western world by the High Middle Ages.





Vol 1