The 2007 ESO Instrument Calibration Workshop (ESO Astrophysics Symposia)
The 2007 ESO Instrument Calibration workshop brought together more than 120 participants with the objective to a) foster the sharing of information, experience and techniques between observers, instrument developers and instrument operation teams, b) review the actual precision and limitations of the applied instrument calibration plans, and c) collect the current and future requirements by the ESO users. These present proceedings include the majority of the workshop’s contributions and docume...
The Scientific Legacy of Beppo Occhialini
The present volume is a collection of reviews, essays and personal reminiscences on Occhialini's scientific life and work. Through these recollections the reader will also gain a vivid impression of the pioneering days of elementary particle physics when new detection methods emerged, like the triggered cloud chamber and nuclear emulsions - two techniques perfected by Occhialini - which made progress on comic ray physics possible in the first place.
Reiner Thiele fuhrt in die polarisationsoptischen Grundlagen der Sensortechnik ein. Er zeigt dazu, ausgehend von einer Faraday-Effekt-Applikation zur Messung hoher elektrischer Stroeme, das Verfahren zum Test optischer und elektronischer Sensorkomponenten auf. Seine Testergebnisse erlauben die Erkennung von Schwachstellen im Sensor und fuhren auf Moeglichkeiten zu deren Kompensation. Daraus resultieren effiziente Methoden zur Elimination der stoerenden Doppelbrechung in optischen Kopplern.
The Large Hadron Collider
This comprehensive volume summarizes and structures the multitude of results obtained at the LHC in its first running period and draws the grand picture of today’s physics at a hadron collider. Topics covered are Standard Model measurements, Higgs and top-quark physics, flavour physics, heavy-ion physics, and searches for supersymmetry and other extensions of the Standard Model. Emphasis is placed on overview and presentation of the lessons learned. Chapters on detectors and the LHC machine and...
Das Buch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die physikalischen Grundlagen und erforderlichen Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz von Lasern in der modernen optischen Messtechnik. Anschauliche Beispiele mit tabellarischen Zusammenfassungen und Abbildungen vermitteln dem Leser leichten Zugang zu Messverfahren hoher Komplexität, die die inzwischen erreichten Einsatzmöglichkeiten in Forschung und Technik und die sich daraus entwickelnden Marktchancen für kommerzielle Produkte dokumentieren. Die Aufze...
In this thesis, the author develops new high-power millimeter wave techniques for measuring the hyperfine structure of positronium (Ps-HFS) directly for the first time in the world. Indirect measurement of Ps-HFS in the literature might have systematic uncertainties related to the use of a static magnetic field. Development of the millimeter wave devices supports the precise determination of Ps-HFS by directly measuring the Breit-Wigner resonant transition from o-Ps to p-Ps without the magnetic...
Probing Cosmic Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Weak Gravitational Lensing Statistics (Springer Theses)
by Masato Shirasaki
In this book the applicability and the utility of two statistical approaches for understanding dark energy and dark matter with gravitational lensing measurement are introduced.For cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy, morphological statistics called Minkowski functionals (MFs) to extract the non-Gaussian information of gravitational lensing are studied. Measuring lensing MFs from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing survey (CFHTLenS), the author clearly shows that MFs can...
Eigenspannungsmessungen an Kreisseagebleattern Mit Elektromagnetischen Verfahren
by Helmut Huber
Kreissageblatter mussen einen bestimmten Eigenspannungszu- stand besitzen, wenn ihre Arbeitseigenschaften den Anfor- derungen des praktischen Einsatzes genugen sollen. Der Eigenspannungszustand des Sageblattes wird wahrend seiner Herstellung im Arbeitsgang "Spannen" durch das Walzen ringfoermiger Zonen erzeugt. Ziel des Arbeitsganges "Spannen" ist es in jedem Fall, in der Zahn zone des Kreissageblattes im Ruhezustand tangentiale Zugspannungen zu erzeugen, die spater die beim Schneiden infolge Er...
Die GraBenlehre ist die Basis fUr die Beschreibung naturgesetzlicher und ingenieur- wissenschaftlicher Erscheinungen. Sie liefert die Grundlage fiir die gemeinsame Sprache, deren Vorhandensein die Voraussetzung fur eine eindeutige Darlegung der Erkenntnisse und fur die gegenseitige Verstandigung ist. Die letzten hundert Jahre sind aber leider gepragt von der Vielfalt der verwendeten Einheitensysteme und Dimensionssysteme und von mancherlei MiBverstandnissen iiber deren Bedeutung. I n den letzten...
Single Molecule Spectroscopy (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, #67)
This book surveys recent advances related to the application of single molecule techniques in various fields of science. The topics, each described by leading experts in the field, range from single molecule experiments in quantum optics and solid-state physics to analogous investigations in physical chemistry and biophysics. A unifying theme of all chapters is the power of single molecule techniques to unravel fluctuations and heterogeneities usually hidden in the ensemble average of complex sy...
Die „Physik der Teilchenbeschleuniger“ führt in die verschiedenen Beschleunigertypen und deren Bauelemente ein, um dann ausführlich auf die Ionenoptik mit magnetischen Elementen und elektrostatischen Linsen einzugehen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die Bahndynamik der Kreisbeschleuniger, wobei sowohl Aspekte der transversalen als auch der longitudinalen Bahndynamik eingehend behandelt werden. Methoden zur Injektion und Extraktion sowie zur Strahlkühlung schließen das Buch ab. Zahlreiche durchgere...
The Higgs Boson Discovery at the Large Hadron Collider (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, #264)
by Roger Wolf
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of Higgs boson physics. It offers the first in-depth review of the complete results in connection with the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider and based on the full dataset for the years 2011 to 2012. The fundamental concepts and principles of Higgs physics are introduced and the important searches prior to the advent of the Large Hadron Collider are briefly summarized. Lastly, the discovery and first mensurati...
In these lectures, I have discussed a number of basic concepts that provide the necessary background to the current studies of star formation. A ?rst partwas dedicatedto illustrate the conceptofa protostar,discussing con- tions and propertiesof the collapseof a molecular core. A secondpart deals with circumstellardisks. Disks areimportantnot only to the processofstar formation itself, but also because they are in all probability the site where planets form. The age range of pre-main-sequence sta...
Standards, Methods and Solutions of Metrology
Advanced Instrument Engineering: Measurement, Calibration, and Design
Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation, Second edition (IOP ebooks)
by Alok Barua
The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is the ultimate tool to see and measure structures on the nanoscale and to probe their elemental composition and electronic structure with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Recent technological breakthroughs have revolutionized our understanding of materials via use of the TEM, and it promises to become a significant tool in understanding biological and biomolecular systems such as viruses and DNA molecules. This book is a practical guide for scientists...
Optical Measurements (Heat and Mass Transfer)
Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical engi neering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for de veloping constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program. Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal...
Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy (ESO Astrophysics Symposia)
This volume contains the proceedings of possibly the last conference ever on integral-field spectroscopy. The contributors, noted authorities in the field, focus on the scientific questions that can be answered with integral-field spectroscopy, ranging from solar system studies all the way to high redshift surveys. Overall readers get a state-of-the-science review of astronomical 3D spectroscopy.
Evolution of Silicon Sensor Technology in Particle Physics (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, #231)
by Frank Hartmann
In the post era of the Z and W discovery, after the observation of Jets at UA1 and UA2 at CERN, John Ellis visioned at a HEP conference at Lake Tahoe, California in 1983 “To proceed with high energy particle physics, one has to tag the avour of the quarks!” This statement re ects the need for a highly precise tracking device, being able to resolve secondary and tertiary vertices within high-particle densities. Since the d- tance between the primary interaction point and the secondary vertex is p...
Handbook of Dimensional Measurement
by Mark A. Curtis and Francis Farago
The fifth edition features two new chapters covering New Developments in Dimensional Measurement and The Measurement of Geometric Dimensions and Tolerances, while providing comprehensive state-of-the-art treatment of all known dimensional measurement devices and techniques. This unique resource is organized into chapters by gage type and function while individual chapters move from simple to complex, as well as from timeless measurement techniques to the most modern and innovative. As the single...