An assessment of the recent achievements and relative strengths of two developing techniques for characterising surfaces at the nanometer scale: (i) local probe methods, including scanning tunnelling microscopy and its derivatives; and (ii) nanoscale photoemission and absorption spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The keynote lectures were delivered by some of the world's best scientists in the field and some of the topics covered include: (1) The possible application of STM in atomical...
The phenomenon of superconductivity - after its discovery in metals such as mercury, lead, zinc, etc. by Kamerlingh-Onnes in 19]] - has attracted many scientists. Superconductivity was described in a very satisfactory manner by the model proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer, and by the extensions proposed by Abrikosov, Gorkov and Eliashberg. Relations were established between superconductivity and the fundamental properties of solids, resulting in a possible upper limit of the critical tem...
IEEE Standard Procedures for Measurement of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields from Ac Power Lines
I Capricci del Caso (Unitext / Collana Di Fisica E Astronomia)
by Roberto Piazza
Questo libro, che nasce dall'esperienza didattica accumulata dall'autore nell'insegnamento dei metodi sperimentali, si propone di fornire un'introduzione al calcolo delle probabilita e alla teoria degli errori facendo uso di uno stile di presentazione volutamente informale e traendo spunto da concrete applicazioni sperimentali, spesso attraverso esempi di notevole importanza storica. Cosi, per esempio, argomenti quali il moto browniano, la diffusione di luce, il decadimento radioattivo, la fisio...
Small Flying Drones
This book focuses on small flying drones and their applications in conducting geographic surveys. Scholars and professionals will discover the potential of this tool, and hopefully develop a conceptual and methodological framework for doing the following things: a) Translate their data acquisition needs into specifications. (b) Use the developed specifications to choose the best accessible configuration for their drones, and (c) Design and organize effective and low-cost field deployment and fli...
Engineering Measurements - Methods and Intrinsic Errors provides a valuable insight into the equipment and methods generally used in taking measurements, and helps engineers avoid or minimize the inaccuracies that can arise even when using highly accurate instruments. Many of the commonly used measurement methods are described, together with their pitfalls and problems. The authors also incorporate plenty of useful, practical examples. Although there are a number of very good texts already avail...
An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Programs
Report of the Committee of Review of Standards, Accreditation and Quality Control and Assurance
Calibration Technology, Theories & Applications
A calibration procedure is generally an operation to determine a relationship between an output and an input of an instrument or an essential value of a measuring object in a measuring system. In other words, calibration is a comparison of a measuring device against a standard instrument of higher accuracy. In measuring fields, the calibration is clearly confirmed in the traceability system. The traceability is defined as the property of a result of a measurement whereby it can be related to str...
This volume contains original, refereed contributions by researchers from institutions and laboratories across the world that are involved in metrology and testing. They were adapted from presentations made at the eleventh edition of the Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing conference held at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, in September 2017, organized by IMEKO Technical Committee 21, the National Physical Laboratory, UK, and the University of Strathclyd...
Elementare Einheiten Und Ihre Messung (Handbuch Der Physik, #2)
by A Berroth, C Cranz, H Ebert, W Felgentrager, F Gopel, F Henning, W Jaeger, V V Niesiolowski-Gawin, K Scheel, and W Schmundt
Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Spin Squeezing and Non-linear Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates (Springer Theses)
by Christian Gross
Interferometry, the most precise measurement technique known today, exploits the wave-like nature of the atoms or photons in the interferometer. As expected from the laws of quantum mechanics, the granular, particle-like features of the individually independent atoms or photons are responsible for the precision limit, the shot noise limit. However this “classical” bound is not fundamental and it is the aim of quantum metrology to overcome it by employing entanglement among the particles. This wo...
Tsunamis are primarily caused by earthquakes. Under favourable geological conditions, when a large earthquake occurs below the sea bed and the resultant rupture causes a vertical displacement of the ocean bed, the entire column of water above it is displaced, causing a tsunami. In the ocean, tsunamis do not reach great heights but can travel at velocities of up to 1000 km/hour. As a tsunami reaches shallow sea depths, there is a decrease in its velocity and an increase in its height. Tsunamis ar...
This book describes the developmental history of the vacuum system of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) at the Japan Electron Optics Laboratory (JEOL) from its inception to its use in today’s high-technology microscopes. The author and his colleagues were engaged in developing vacuum technology for electron microscopes (JEM series) at JEOL for many years. This volume presents a summary and explanation of their work and the technology that makes possible a clean ultrahigh vacuum. The t...
Ethnic Minorities
This book presents an overview of the contribution social psychology may offer to the issue of interethnic relations. It comprises three approaches: social psychological theory; description of interethnic relationships in real life settings; and the application of theories to reduce discrimination.
Latest Contributions to Cross-cultural Psychology
This volume contains 23 articles, grouped under six themes: values and national identity; immigration and acculturation; personality and social behaviour across cultures; organizational and work psychology; educational and developmental psychology; and conceptual and methodological ideas.
This book aims to help the business strategist and policy-maker understand how compatiblity standards may be used to ensure business success. It provides a framework for standards strategy and policy, together with a series of case-studies which interpret the economics of standards in practical settings. The book considers the problems of establishing a new standard in the market and winning standards contests. It also studies questions of how to maintaing the profitability of a standard and...
Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand am lnstitut fUr Strahlantriebe und Turboarbeits- maschinen der Rheinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen und wurde von seinem Leiter, Herrn Professor Dr.-lng. W. DETTMERING, angeregt und betreut. Die Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der experimentellen und rechnerischen Ermittlung von Spannungskonzentrationen in gekerbten rotierenden Scheiben. Als experimentelles Untersuchungsverfahren wurde dabei die spannungsoptisch-stroboskopische Methode gewahlt und zur...
Surface and Interface Analysis (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, #74)
by Rudolf Holze
A broad, almost encyclopedic overview of spectroscopic and other analytical techniques useful for investigations of phase boundaries in electrochemistry is presented. The analysis of electrochemical interfaces and interphases on a microscopic, even molecular level, is of central importance for an improved understanding of the structure and dynamics of these phase boundaries. The gained knowledge will be needed for improvements of methods and applications reaching from electrocatalysis, electroch...
Dynamic Studies Through Control of Relaxation in NMR Spectroscopy (Springer Theses)
by Nicola Salvi
Nicola Salvi's thesis offers a remarkably cogent view of highly sophisticated NMR methods. Salvi developed these methods in order to characterize the amplitudes and frequency ranges of local motions in biomolecules such as proteins. These local motions play an essential role since they can explain many of the remarkable properties of proteins and enable them to carry out all sorts of vital functions, from enzymatic catalysis to intermolecular recognition and signalling in cells. Salvi's work has...
Nuclear Physics with Polarized Particles (Lecture Notes in Physics, #842)
by Hans Paetz gen. Schieck
The measurement of spin-polarization observables in reactions of nuclei and particles is of great utility and advantage when the effects of single-spin sub-states are to be investigated. Indeed, the unpolarized differential cross-section encompasses the averaging over the spin states of the particles, and thus loses details of the interaction process. This introductory text combines, in a single volume, course-based lecture notes on spin physics and on polarized-ion sources with the aim of prov...