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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geodynamics Series, Volume 14. That deep seismic reflection profiling has become a "necessary tool" to explore the deep basement of the continental crust is now well established. The question is: Will deep reflection profiling become a "standard tool" that is routinely used on all continents, as is surface geological mapping? This question can be answered in the affirmative. A clear indication of this trend are the results of the "Intern...

This collection addresses the complexities of water management and the impact of environmental developments such as dams, reservoirs and irrigation schemes on public health. The main focus of the book is on vector-borne diseases such as malaria, arboviruses (dengue and encephalitides) and snail- borne schistosomiasis. These are examined from a wide range of intersectoral perspectives which encompass disciplines with often conflicting interests, for instance agriculture, aquaculture, urban develo...

This is the first book to describe the ecology of high latitude lakes, rivers and glacial environments in both the North and South polar regions. From the lake-rich floodplains of the Arctic to the deep, enigmatic waters of Lake Vostok, Antarctica, these regions contain some of the most extraordinary aquatic ecosystems on Earth. They provide a fascinating diversity of habitats for plant, animal and microbial communities, and are proving to be valuable model systems for exploring many ecological...

Increasing demand for water, higher standards of living, depletion of resources of acceptable quality, and excessive water pollution due to urban, agricultural, and industrial expansions have caused intense environmental, social, economic, and political predicaments. More frequent and severe floods and droughts have changed the ability and resiliency of water infrastructure systems to operate and provide services to the public. These concerns and issues have also changed the way we plan and mana...

The Jordan River Basin is the most important water resource shared between the Middle East countries: Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. Its surface water and groundwater have been highly exploited and fought over throughout history. The diverse climate over its area results in spatially variable precipitation and evapotranspiration, thus, variability of water generation and consumption. To be able to manage the water resources in a sustainable manner, it is important to understand the current...

A comprehensive presentation of groundwater hydrology that integrates chemistry, physics, geology, and calculus. *Applies theory to real-world geology. *Provides quantitative methods of calculation in groundwater hydrology. *Contains sections on transport processes, ground water contamination, well hydraulics, and aquifer yield - including analog and numerical modeling. *Covers mathematical derivations in appendices.

Permeability is the primary control on fluid flow in the Earth’s crust and is key to a surprisingly wide range of geological processes, because it controls the advection of heat and solutes and the generation of anomalous pore pressures.  The practical importance of permeability – and the potential for large, dynamic changes in permeability – is highlighted by ongoing issues associated with hydraulic fracturing for hydrocarbon production (“fracking”), enhanced geothermal systems, and geologic ca...

This and the companion volume describe and illustrate more than 2000 species, from selected protozoans to fishes, found in the coastal waters of the British Isles and north-western Europe. They cover all benthic habitats, from the intertidal zone to approximately 30 metres depth, and also include representatives of estuarine and supralittoral faunas. Each major animal group is briefly introduced, with notes on the morphology, biology, and ecology of representative species, together with suitable...

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 59.Salt marshes are coastal wetlands frequently inundated by tides. Given their peculiar characteristics, salt marshes are colonized by salt-tolerant communities of plants (halophytes) adapted to saturated soil conditions. Vegetation has an important role not only in marsh ecology, but also for the hydrology and geomorphology of these environments. For example, the feedback between marsh elevation an...

The U.S. Ocean Commission Report identified the need for regional ecosystem assessments to support coastal and ocean management. These assessments must provide greater understanding of physical and biological dynamics than assessments at global and national scales can provide but transcend state and local interests. This need and timeliness is apparent for Long Island Sound, where a multi-state regional restoration program is underway for America’s most urbanized estuary. Synthesis of the Long I...

Chemical Dynamics in Freshwater Ecosystems reviews the processes that control the distribution and impacts of chemical substances discharged into freshwater aquatic environments. The book focuses on the relationships between chemical emissions and the resulting ambient concentration in water, sediments, fish, benthos, plants, and other components of real aquatic ecosystems. Hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, chemical fate processes, bioaccumulation, and food-chain transfer are major topics discus...

Evolutionary ecology includes community structure, trophic interactions, life-history tactics, and reproductive modes, analyzed from an evolutionary perspective. Freshwater environments impose spatial structures on populations, facilitating genetic and phenotypic divergence. Freshwater systems have often featured in ecological research and population biology. This text contains information on diverse freshwater taxa, with a mix of critical review, synthesis, and case studies. Examples from the b...