Andrew Wickens obtained his PhD From Liverpool University, and spent 2 years as a post doctoral researcher in behavioural pharmacology at Aberdeen before becoming Course Leader for the neuroscience degree at Preston Polytechnic (now University of Central Lancashire) where he spent 27 years. He retired in 2017. Over this time he has written The Causes of Aging, A History of the Brain (which won the British Psychological Society’s best textbook of the year in 2018) and Key Thinkers in NeuroscienceIntroduction to Biopsychology first appeared in 2000, and is now with SAGE for its fourth edition.