Barbara Hudson is a Professor in Law at the University of Central Lancashire. She has published extensively on socio-legal studies, criminology and penology. Her special teaching interests are in race and criminal justice; feminist jurisprudence; desert theory; restorative justice; comparative criminology and penology. She has research interests in penal theory and penal ethics; race, gender, crime and justice; the punishment of impoverished offenders; emergent theories of justice; probation; risk and criminal justice.