Christopher F. Karpowitz is an Associate Professor of Political Science and the Co-Director of the Center for the Study of Elections and Democracy at Brigham Young University, Utah. He is a co-author of The Silent Sex: Gender, Deliberation, and Institutions (2014) and of Democracy at Risk: How Political Choices Undermine Citizen Participation, and What We Can Do about It (2005). He has published in a variety of journals, including the American Political Science Review, the American Journal of Political Science, the Journal of Politics, Public Opinion Quarterly, the British Journal of Political Science, Perspectives on Politics, Political Communication, Politics and Society, PS: Political Science and Politics, and the Journal of Public Deliberation. Prior to joining Brigham Young University, he was a postdoctoral fellow in democracy and human values at Princeton University's Center for Human Values.