Rob Grant and Doug Naylor were part of the gestalt entity known as Grant Naylor, which created and wrote the Emmy award-winning series Red Dwarf for BBC television. Together they were head writers for Spitting Image in the mid-eighties, and together they wrote two novels, Red Dwarf (1989) and Better Than Life (1991). Since 1994 they have been pursuing separate careers, and each has written a bestselling Red Dwarf novel; Doug's Last Human was published in 1995, Rob's Backwards was published in 1996. All these books are available in Penguin and have sold over 1.7 million copies.