James A. Brown, PhD, is Emeritus Professor in Anthropology at Northwestern University and a member of the National Academy of Science. As an archaeologist he is recognized for his work on evolutionary processes at work in mid-range societies that range from hunter-gatherers to maize agriculturalists in the American Midwest before European contact. His cross-cultural perspective explores the development of sedentary settlement, social institution building, mortuary and religious organizations, and ritual practice.