Elliott Abrams is senior fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York. He served as assistant secretary of state for human rights under Ronald Reagan, and as a Deputy National Security Advisor in the administration of George W. Bush where he handled Middle East policy for the White House. His previous book, Tested by Zion (Cambridge, 2013), is the definitive account of the Bush administration and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and won the Bronze Prize in 2013 from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy as outstanding book of the year on the Middle East. Abrams is a member of the board of the US National Endowment for Democracy.