Alfred Rappaport is the Leonard Spacek Professor Emeritus at Northwestern University's J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management. He is the author of the pioneering book Creating Shareholder Value and coauthor of Expectations Investing. Rappaport has been a guest columnist for The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Fortune, and BusinessWeek. He created and designed The Wall Street Journal Shareholder Scoreboard, an annual ranking by total shareholder returns of the 1,000 most valuable U.S. corporations, published annually from 1995 to 2008.