Fernan Caballero (24 December 1796 - 7 April 1877) was the pen name of Spanish novelist Cecilia Francisca Josefa Bohl de Faber y Ruiz de Larrea. She was the daughter of German author Johann Nikolaus Bohl von Faber and Spanish writer Frasquita Larrea. Her pen name is derived from a town in the province of Ciudad Real. She had her primary education in Hamburg, traveled to Spain in 1815, and married Antonio Planells y Bardaxi, an infantry captain with a poor reputation, in 1816. Planells was killed in action the next year, and the young widow married Francisco Ruiz del Arco, Marques de Arco Hermoso, a Spanish household regiment officer, in 1822. When Arco Hermoso died in 1835, the marquesa was in dire financial straits, and in less than two years she married Antonio Arrom de Ayala, a man much younger than her. Arrom was appointed consul in Australia, engaged in business ventures, and acquired money; nonetheless, bad speculations forced him to commit suicide in 1859. Ten years ago, Fernan Caballero became well-known in Spain as the author of La Gaviota. The author had previously published an anonymous romance in German, Sole (1840), while the initial manuscript of La Gaviota was written in French.
