Keith Hartley is Emeritus Professor of Economics at the University of York. He was founding Editor of the journal Defence and Peace Economics and has, over the past 30 years, been a regular consultant on defence matters to the UK Government, United Nations, European Defence Agency, and the US Department of Defense, as well as to various arms companies, including BAE Systems. He is one of the world’s leading defence economists having written over 500 articles, publications and reports, including over a dozen books.